Title:
Deformability of Reinforced Concrete Columns Failing in Shear after Flexural Reinforcement Yielding
Author(s):
Muhammad Haroon, DongIk Shin, Jung-Yoon Lee, and Changhyuk Kim
Publication:
Structural Journal
Volume:
117
Issue:
3
Appears on pages(s):
71-90
Keywords:
compatibility-aided truss model; deformability; reinforced concrete columns; shear deterioration
DOI:
10.14359/51721377
Date:
5/1/2020
Abstract:
Previous post-earthquake studies on reinforced concrete (RC) structures have reported severe structural damages in the plastic hinge regions of lower-story RC columns, and suggested that columns with short shear-span ratios may fail in shear after flexural yielding due to shear deterioration in their plastic hinge regions before reaching the ultimate ductility demand. To ensure the ductile collapse mechanism of an RC frame, it is not only important to know the shear strength of the RC columns but also their deformation capacity. The current seismic design provisions of ACI 318-14 disregard the concrete shear contribution for RC columns subjected to a medium level of axial force to indirectly account for ductility. This study experimentally investigates the deformability of RC columns failing in shear after flexural reinforcement yielding and proposes an analytical model to estimate the rotation capacity of such columns. The proposed model provides a direct evaluation method for estimating the deformability of RC columns by considering the potential shear degradation after flexural yielding. This approach employs the equilibrium and compatibility formulation of existing compatibility-aided truss models. Comparing the analytical results with an extensive test database indicated that the proposed model can predict the deformation capacities of RC columns failing in shear after flexural yielding with reasonable accuracy.
Related References:
1. Qinghua, A.; Dongsheng, W.; Hongnan, L.; and Zhiguo, S., “Evaluation of the Seismic Performance of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns Based on Plastic Hinge model,” The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, China, Oct. 12-17, 2008.
2. Paulay, T., “Seismic Design of Concrete Structures: The Present Needs of Societies,” The 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, No. 2001, Acapulco, Mexico, 1996.
3. An., X., and Maekawa, K., “Shear Resistance and Ductility of RC Columns after Yielding of Main Reinforcement,” Journal of Materials, Concrete Structures and Pavements,” 38, No. 585, Feb. 1998, pp. 233-247.
4. Aoyama, H., Design of Modern High-Rise Reinforced Concrete Structures, Imperial College Press, London, UK, 2001, 442 pp.
5. Lee, J. Y., and Watanabe, F., “Shear Deterioration of Reinforced Concrete Beams Subjected to Reversed Cyclic Loading,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 100, No. 4, July-Aug. 2003, pp. 480-489.
6. Park, H. G.; Yu, E. J.; and Choi, K. K., “Shear-Strength Degradation Model for RC Columns Subjected to Cyclic Loading,” Engineering Structures, V. 34, Jan. 2012, pp. 187-197.
7. Joint Reconnaissance Team, “Damage Report on 1992 Erzincan Earthquake, Turkey,” Joint Reconnaissance Team of Architectural Institute of Japan, Japan Society of Civil Engineers and Bouazizi University, Istanbul, Turkey, 1992.
8. Bull, D. K., “Los Angeles Earthquake Relevant to NZ,” Journal of the Cement & Concrete Association of New Zealand, V. 38, Apr.-May 1994, pp. 42-45.
9. Priestley, M. J. N.; Verma, R.; and Xiao, Y., “Seismic Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Columns,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 120, No. 8, 1994, pp. 2310-2329. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1994)120:8(2310)
10. Ghee, A. B.; Priestley, M. J. N.; and Paulay, T., “Seismic Shear Strength of Circular Reinforced Concrete Columns,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 86, No. 1, Jan.-Feb. 1989, pp. 45-59.
11. Aschheim, M., and Moehle, J. P., “Shear Strength and Deformability of RC Bridge Columns Subjected to Inelastic Cyclic Displacements,” Report No. UCB/EERC-92/04, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, Mar. 1992.
12. Wong, Y. L.; Paulay, T.; and Priestley, M. J. N., “Response of Circular Reinforced Concrete Columns to Multidirectional Seismic Attack,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 90, No. 2, Mar.-Apr. 1993, pp. 180-191.
13. ATC 32, Improved Seismic Design Criteria for California Bridges, Provisional Recommendations, Applied Technology Council, Redwood City, CA, 1981, 205 pp.
14. ATC 33, “NEHRP Commentary on the Guidelines for Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings,” Applied Technology Council, Redwood City, CA, Oct. 1997.
15. Martin, B. P., and Pantazopoulou, S. J., “Effect of Bond, Aggregate Interlock and Dowel Action on the Shear Strength Degradation of Reinforced Concrete,” Engineering Structures, V. 23, 2001, pp. 927-939.
16. Sezen, H., and Moehle, J. P., “Shear Strength Model for Lightly Reinforced Concrete Columns,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 130, No. 11, 2004, pp. 1692-1703. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:11(1692)
17. ACI Committee 318, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-14) and Commentary (ACI 318R-14),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2014, 520 pp.
18. NZS-3101, “Code of Practice for the Design of Concrete Structures,” Wellington, New Zealand, 1982, 754 pp.
19. AIJ, “Design Guidelines for Earthquake Resistant Reinforced Concrete Buildings Based on Ultimate Strength Concept,” Architectural Institute of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, 1990, 80 pp.
20. Zhu, L., “Probabilistic Drift Capacity Models for Reinforced Concrete Columns,” master’s thesis, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Aug. 2005
21. Vecchio, F. J., and Collins, M. P., “The Modified Compression-Field Theory for Reinforced Concrete Elements Subjected to Shear,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 83, No. 2, Mar.-Apr. 1986, pp. 219-231.
22. Hsu, T. C., “Softened Truss Model Theory for Shear and Torsion,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 85, No. 6, Nov.-Dec. 1988, pp. 624-635.
23. Lee, J. Y.; Haroon, M.; Park, J.; and Kim, C., “Longitudinal Axial Strain in Plastic Hinge Regions of Reinforced Concrete Columns,” Magazine of Concrete Research, V. 71, No. 20, Oct. 2019, pp. 1043-1069.
24. Corley, W. G., “Rotational Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Beams,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, V. 92, No. 5, 1966, pp. 121-146.
25. Japan Concrete Institute, “JCI Colloquium on Ductility of Concrete Structures and its Evaluation,” Japan Concrete Institute, Tokyo, Japan, 1988.
26. Bae, S., and Bayrak, O., “Plastic Hinge Length of Reinforced Concrete Columns,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 105, No. 3, May-June 2008, pp. 290-300.
27. Fenwick, R. C., and Megget, L. M., “Elongation and Load Deflection Characteristics of Reinforced Concrete Members Containing Plastic Hinges,” Bulletin of the New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering, V. 26, No. 1, 1993, pp. 28-41. doi: 10.5459/bnzsee.26.1.28-41
28. Peng, B. H. H.; Dhakal, R. P.; Fenwick, R. C.; and Bull, D. K., “Elongation of Plastic Hinge in Ductile RC Members,” Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology,” V. 9, No. 3, Oct. 2011, pp. 315-326.
29. Belarbi, A., and Hsu, T. C., “Constitutive Laws of Softened Concrete in Biaxial Tension-Compression,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 92, No. 5, Nov.-Dec. 1995, pp. 562-573.
30. Zhong, L. X., and Hsu, T. C., “Behavior and Analysis of 100 MPa Concrete Membrane Elements,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 124, No. 1, 1998, pp. 24-34. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1998)124:1(24)
31. Priestley, M. J. N.; Seible, F.; and Calvi, G. M., Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1996, 704 pp.
32. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Centre (PEER), “Structural Performance Database” http://nisee.berkeley.edu/spd/. (last accessed Mar. 3, 2020).
33. Japan Building Centre, “Analysis of Seismic Behavior of Building Structural Members” Report No. 49-III-1(3). (Japanese)