Title:
Simplified Compression Field Theory-Based Model for Shear Strength of Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix- Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beams
Author(s):
Tadesse Wakjira and Usama Ebead
Publication:
Structural Journal
Volume:
117
Issue:
2
Appears on pages(s):
91-104
Keywords:
analytical modeling; beams; fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM); regression analysis; reinforced concrete; shear; simplified compression field theory (SCFT); statistical analysis
DOI:
10.14359/51721366
Date:
3/1/2020
Abstract:
Fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) systems are becoming an excellent choice for the shear strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) beams owing to their excellent structural performance and compatibility with the concrete substrate. There is a wealth of experimental research on the application of FRCM for shear strengthening of beams; however, there is a lack of research on assessing the performance of the beams theoretically. The primary objective of this research effort, therefore, is to propose a design equation to predict the shear capacity of FRCM shear-strengthened beams. The developed equation is based on the simplified compression field theory (SCFT) combined with probability and statistical techniques. The equation can be used for calculating the shear capacity of the FRCM shear-strengthened and unstrengthened beams. The equation accounts for the contributions of concrete, longitudinal tensile reinforcement, internal shear reinforcement (ISR), and FRCM. An extensive database of shear-critical RC beams has been used to validate the developed equation. It has been found that the proposed equation can predict the shear capacity of both unstrengthened and strengthened beams with reasonable accuracy. The prediction capability of the developed equation is compared with that of the ACI 549 guideline for the strengthened beams and the ACI 318-14, AASHTO-LRDF, and Eurocode 2 (2004) for unstrengthened beams.
Related References:
1. Ombres, L., “Structural Performances of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened in Shear with a Cement Based Fiber Composite Material,” Composite Structures, V. 122, 2015, pp. 316-329.
2. Loreto, G.; Babaeidarabad, S.; Leardini, L.; and Nanni, A., “RC Beams Shear-Strengthened with Fabric-Reinforced-Cementitious-Matrix (FRCM) Composite,” International Journal of Advanced Structural Engineering, V. 7, No. 4, 2015, pp. 341-352. doi: 10.1007/s40091-015-0102-9
3. Gonzalez-Libreros, J. H.; Sneed, L.; D’Antino, T.; and Pellegrino, C., “Behavior of RC Beams Strengthened in Shear with FRP and FRCM Composites,” Engineering Structures, V. 150, 2017, pp. 830-842.
4. Ebead, U.; Shrestha, K. C.; and Saeed, H., “Soffit and U-Wrap Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix Strengthening for Reinforced Concrete Beams,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 116, No. 2, Mar. 2019, pp. 267-278.
5. Younis, A.; Ebead, U.; and Shrestha, K. C., “Different FRCM Systems for Shear-Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 153, 2017, pp. 514-526. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.132
6. Wakjira, T., and Ebead, U., “FRCM/Internal Transverse Shear Reinforcement Interaction in Shear Strengthened RC Beams,” Composite Structures, V. 201, June 2018, pp. 326-339. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.06.034
7. Wakjira, T., and Ebead, U., “Hybrid NSE/EB Technique for Shear Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using FRCM: Experimental Study,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 164, 2018, pp. 164-177. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.224
8. Wakjira, T., and Ebead, U., “Internal Transverse Reinforcement Configuration Effect of EB/NSE-FRCM Shear Strengthening of RC Deep Beams,” Composites. Part B, Engineering, V. 166, 2019, pp. 758-772. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.03.004
9. Ebead, U., and El-sherif, H., “Near Surface Embedded-FRCM For Flexural Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 204, 2019, pp. 166-176. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.145
10. Ebead, U., and Wakjira, T., “Behaviour of RC Beams Strengthened in Shear Using Near Surface Embedded FRCM,” IOP Conference Series: Material Science and Engineering, V. 431, 2018, pp. 072001 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/431/7/07200110.1088/1757-899X/431/7/072001
11. Baghi, H., and Barros, J. A. O., “New Approach to Predict Shear Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with Near-Surface-Mounted Technique,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 114, No. 1, Jan.-Feb. 2016, doi: 10.14359/51689433
12. Minelli, F., and Vecchio, F. J., “Compression Field Modeling of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Members Under Shear Loading,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 103, No. 2, Mar.-Apr. 2006, pp. 244-252.
13. Panda, S. S., and Gangolu, A. R., “Study of Dowel Action in Reinforced Concrete Beam by Factorial Design of Experiment,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 114, No. 6, Nov.-Dec. 2017, pp. 1495-1505. doi: 10.14359/51700831
14. Zhang, T.; Visintin, P.; and Oehlers, D. J., “Shear Strength of RC Beams with Steel Stirrups,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 142, No. 2, 2016, p. 04015135 doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001404
15. Esfandiari, A., and Adebar, P., “Shear Strength Evaluation of Concrete Bridge Girders,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 106, No. 4, July-Aug. 2010, pp. 416-426.
16. Kuo, W. W.; Hsu, T. T. C.; and Hwang, S. J., “Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beams,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 111, No. 4, July-Aug. 2014, pp. 809-818. doi: 10.14359/51686733
17. Wakjira, T., and Ebead, U., “A New Approach for Predicting the Shear Capacity of FRCM Strengthened RC Beams in Shear,” IOP Conference Series: Material Science and Engineering, 2018, doi:10.1088/1757-899X/431/11/11200610.1088/1757-899X/431/11/112006
18. Ebead, U., and Saeed, H., “FRP/Stirrups Interaction of Shear-Strengthened Beams,” Materials and Structures, V. 50, No. 2, 2017, pp. 103. doi: 10.1617/s11527-016-0973-7
19. Awani, O.; El Maaddawy, T.; and Refai, A., “Numerical Simulation and Experimental Testing of Concrete Beams Strengthened in Shear with Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 20, No. 6, 2015, pp. 04016056. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000711
20. Ebead, U., and Wakjira, T., “FRCM/Stirrups Interaction in RC Beams Strengthened in Shear Using NSE-FRCM,” IOP Conference Series: Material Science and Engineering, V. 431, 2018, pp. 112001. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/431/11/11200110.1088/1757-899X/431/11/112001
21. Gonzalez-Libreros, J. H.; Sabau, C.; Sneed, L.; Pellegrino, C.; and Sas, G., “State of Research on Shear Strengthening of RC Beams with FRCM Composites,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 149, 2017, pp. 444-458.
22. ACI Committee 318, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-14) and Commentary (ACI 318R-14),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2014, 520 pp.
23. Vecchio, F. J., and Collins, M. P., “The Modified Compression-Field Theory for Reinforced Concrete Elements Subjected to Shear,” ACI Journal Proceedings, V. 83, No. 2, Mar.-Apr. 1986, doi: 10.14359/10416
24. Collins, M. P.; Mitchell, D.; Adebar, P.; and Vecchio, F. J., “A General Shear Design Method,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 93, No. 1, Jan.-Feb. 1996, pp. 36-45. doi: 10.14359/9838
25. Bentz, E. C.; Vecchio, F. J.; and Collins, M. P., “Simplified Compression Field Theory for Calculating Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Elements,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 103, No. 4, July-Aug. 2006, pp. 614-624. doi: 10.14359/16438
26. AASHTO, “LRFD Bridge Design Specifications,” eighth edition, American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials, Washington, DC, 2017.
27. CSA Committee A23.3, “Design of Concrete Structures (CSA A23.3-04),” Canadian Standards Association, Mississauga, ON, Canada, 2004, 214 pp.
28. BS EN 1992-1-1, “Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Structures – Part 1-1 : General Rules and Rules for Buildings,” V. 1, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium, 2004.
29. ACI Committee 549, “Guide to Design and Construction of Externally Bonded Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) Systems for Repair and Strengthening Concrete and Masonry Structures (ACI 549.4R-13),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2013, 144 pp.
30. Neto, B. N. M.; Barros, J. A. O.; and Melo, G. S. S. A., “Model to Simulate the Contribution of Fiber Reinforcement for the Punching Resistance of RC Slabs,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE, V. 26, No. 7, 2014, p. 04014020 doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533
31. Collins, M. P., “Evaluation of Shear Design Procedures for Concrete Structures,” Report prepared for the CSA Technical Committee on Reinforced Concrete Design, 2001.
32. Aljazaeri, Z., and Myers, J., “Strengthening of Reinforced-Concrete Beams in Shear with a Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 21, No. 5, 2017, pp. 1-11. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000822
33. Donnini, J., and Corinaldesi, V., “Mechanical Characterization of Different FRCM Systems for Structural Reinforcement,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 145, Oct. 2017, pp. 565-575. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.051
34. Fernández Ruiz, M.; Muttoni, A.; and Sagaseta, J., “Shear Strength of Concrete Members without Transverse Reinforcement: A Mechanical Approach to Consistently Account for Size and Strain Effects,” Engineering Structures, V. 99, 2015, pp. 360-372. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.05.007
35. El-Ariss, B., “Behavior of Beams with Dowel Action,” Engineering Structures, V. 29, No. 6, 2007, pp. 899-903. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.07.008
36. Tompos, E. J., and Frosch, R. J., “Influence of Beam Size, Longitudinal Reinforcement, and Stirrup Effectiveness on Concrete Shear Strength,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 99, No. 5, Sept.-Oct. 2002, pp. 559-567.
37. Bentz, E. C., “Empirical Modeling of Reinforced Concrete Shear Strength Size Effect for Members without Stirrups,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 102, No. 2, Mar.-Apr. 2005, pp. 232-241. doi: 10.14359/14274
38. Zararis, P. D., and Zararis, I. P., “Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beams under Uniformly Distributed Loads,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 105, No. 6, Nov.-Dec. 2008, pp. 711-719.
39. Azam, R., and Soudki, K., “FRCM Strengthening of Shear-Critical RC Beams,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 18, No. 5, 2014, pp. 1-9.
40. Tetta, Z.; Koutas, L.; and Bournas, D., “Textile-Reinforced Mortar (TRM) Versus Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (FRP) in Shear Strengthening of Concrete Beams,” Composites. Part B, Engineering, V. 77, 2015, pp. 338-348.
41. Escrig, C.; Gil, L.; Bernat-Maso, E.; and Puigvert, F., “Experimental and Analytical Study of Reinforced Concrete Beams Shear Strengthened with Different Types of Textile-Reinforced Mortar,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 83, 2015, pp. 248-260. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.03.013
42. Tetta Z., Koutas L., Bournas D., “Shear Strengthening of Concrete Members with TRM Jackets: Effect of Shear Span-to-Depth Ratio, Material and Amount of External Reinforcement,” Compos Part B Engineering, V. 137, 2018, pp. 184-201 doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.10.04110.1016/j.compositesb.2017.10.041
43. Cladera, A., and Marí, A. R., “Shear Strength in the New Eurocode 2. A Step Forward?” Structural Concrete, V. 8, No. 2, 2007, pp. 57-66. doi: 10.1680/stco.2007.8.2.57
44. Lee, J.-Y.; Choi, I.-J.; and Kim, S.-W., “Shear Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams with High-Strength Stirrups,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 108, No. 5, Sept.-Oct. 2011, doi: 10.14359/51683219
45. Reineck, K. H.; Bentz, E. C.; Fitik, B.; Kuchma, D.; and Bayrak, O., “ACI-DAfStb Databases for Shear Tests on Slender Reinforced Concrete Beams with Stirrups,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 111, No. 5, Sept.-Oct. 2014, pp. 1147-1156. doi: 10.14359/51686819
46. Reineck, K. H.; Bentz, E. C.; Fitik, B.; Kuchma, D.; and Bayrak, O., “ACI-DAfStb Databases for Shear Tests on Slender Reinforced Concrete Beams without Stirrups,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 110, No. 5, Sept.-Oct. 2013, pp. 867-875. doi: 10.14359/51686819
47. Montgomery, D. C., and Runger, G. C., Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers, Wiley, Singapore, 2014.
48. Randolph, K. A., and Myers, L. L., Basic Statistics in Multivariate Analysis, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 2013.