Title:
Reliability-Based Design Provisions for Flexural Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girders
Author(s):
Fei Peng and Weichen Xue
Publication:
Structural Journal
Volume:
116
Issue:
1
Appears on pages(s):
251-260
Keywords:
bridge girders; fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP); prestressed concrete; reliability; strength reduction factor; transition region
DOI:
10.14359/51710876
Date:
1/1/2019
Abstract:
This paper develops reliability-based design provisions for flexural strength of prestressed concrete bridge girders with bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) tendons, focusing on strength reduction factors and the transition region between tension-controlled and compression-controlled sections. First, a total of 48 bridge girders covering a wide range of design scenarios are considered to conduct stochastic simulation. Subsequently, the statistical parameters of resistance are evaluated based on Monte-Carlo simulation. Then, the first-order second-moment method is applied to calibrate strength reduction factors to meet a uniform target reliability level, βT = 3.5, specified in AASHTO LRFD. Finally, a probabilistic analysis of flexural failure modes is conducted to determine a transition region in terms of ratio of provided-to-balanced reinforcement (ρb < ρ ≤ 1.5ρb) instead of the traditional net tensile strain limits in ACI 440.4R-04. As a result, this study recommends strength reduction factors of 0.80 for tension-controlled sections, 0.85 for compression-controlled sections, and a linear variation in the transition region.
Related References:
AASHTO, 2017, “LRFD Bridge Design Specifications,” 8th edition, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC, 1781 pp.
ACI Committee 318, 2014, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-14) and Commentary (ACI 318R-14),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 519 pp.
ACI Committee 440, 2004, “Prestressing Concrete Structures with FRP Tendons (ACI 440.4R-04),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 35 pp.
ACI Committee 440, 2015, “Guide for the Design and Construction of Structural Concrete Reinforced with FRP Bars (ACI 440.1R-15),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 83 pp.
ASCE, 2013, “2013 Report Card for America’s Infrastructure,” American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, www.infrastructurereportcard.org. (last accessed Oct. 17, 2018)
Baji, H., and Ronagh, H. R., 2016, “Reliability-Based Study on Ductility Measures of Reinforced Concrete Beams in ACI 318,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 113, No. 2, Mar.-Apr., pp. 373-382. doi: 10.14359/51688201
Barker, R. M., and Puckett, J. A., 2013, Design of Highway Bridges: An LRFD Approach, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 528 pp.
Behnam, B., and Eamon, C., 2013, “Resistance Factors for Ductile FRP-Reinforced Concrete Flexural Members,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 17, No. 4, July-Aug., pp. 566-573. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE) CC.1943-5614.0000363.10.1061/(ASCE)
Burke, C. R., and Dolan, C. W., 2001, “Flexural Design of Prestressed Concrete Beams Using FRP Tendons,” PCI Journal, V. 46, No. 2, Mar.-Apr., pp. 76-87. doi: 10.15554/pcij.03012001.76.87
CAS, 2014, “Corrosion Status of China and the Control Strategy Research,” Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, www.cas.cn.
CAN/CSA S806-12, 2012, “Design and Construction of Buildings Components with Fiber- Reinforced Polymers,” Canadian Standards Association, Rexdale, ON, Canada, 206 pp.
Forouzannia, F.; Gencturk, B.; Dawood, M.; and Belarbi, A., 2016, “Calibration of Flexural Resistance Factors for Load and Resistance Factor Design of Concrete Bridge Girders Prestressed with Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 20, No. 2, Apr., p. 04015050 doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000613
Ghosn, M.; Frangopol, D.; McAllister, T.; Shah, M.; Diniz, S.; Ellingwood, B.; Manuel, L.; Biondini, F.; Catbas, N.; Strauss, A.; and Zhao, X., 2016, “Reliability-Based Performance Indicators for Structural Members,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 142, No. 9, Sept., pp. 225-234. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001546
Grace, N., and Singh, S. B., 2003, “Design Approach for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Prestressed Concrete Bridge Beams,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 100, No. 3, May-June, pp. 365-376.
Grace, N.; Ushijima, K.; Matsagar, V.; and Wu, C., 2013, “Performance of AASHTO-Type Bridge Model Prestressed with Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforcement,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 110, No. 3, May-June, pp. 491-501.
Holický, M.; Retief, J. V.; and Sýkora, M., 2016, “Assessment of Model Uncertainties for Structural Resistance,” Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics, V. 45, July, pp. 188-197. doi: 10.1016/j.probengmech.2015.09.008
JCSS, 2002, “JCSS Probabilistic Model Code: Part 3, Resistance Models,” Joint Committee on Structural Safety, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark, 41 pp.
Kim, Y. J., and Nickle, R. W., 2016, “Strength Reduction Factors for Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Prestressed Concrete Bridges in Flexure,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 113, No. 5, Sept.-Oct., pp. 1043-1052. doi: 10.14359/51689028
Kotsovos, M. D., 2014, Compressive Force-Path Method Unified Ultimate Limit-State Design of Concrete Structures, Springer, New York, 221 pp.
MacGregor, J. G.; Mirza, S. A.; and Ellingwood, B., 1983, “Statistical Analysis of Resistance of Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Members,” ACI Journal Proceedings, V. 80, No. 3, May-June, pp. 167-176.
Mast, R. F., 1992, “Unified Design Provisions for Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Flexural and Compression Members,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 89, No. 2, Mar.-Apr., pp. 185-199.
Mast, R. F.; Dawood, M.; Rizkalla, S. H.; and Zia, P., 2008, “Flexural Strength Design of Concrete Beams Reinforced with High-Strength Steel Bars,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 105, No. 4, July-Aug., pp. 570-577.
NACE International, 2012, “Corrosion Costs and Preventive Strategies in the United States,” Publication No. FHWA-RD-01-156, National Association for Corrosion Engineers, Houston, TX.
Nanni, A., and Tanigaki, M., 1992, “Pretensionded Prestressed Concrete Members with Bonded Fiber Reinforced Plastic Tendons: Development and Flexural Bond Lengths (Static),” ACI Structural Journal, V. 89, No. 4, July-Aug., pp. 433-441.
Nowak, A. S., 1993, “Live Load Model for Highway Bridges,” Structural Safety, V. 13, No. 1-2, Dec., pp. 53-66. doi: 10.1016/0167-4730(93)90048-6
Nowak, A. S., 1999, “Calibration of LRFD Bridge Design Code (NCHRP 368),” Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 222 pp.
Nowak, A. S., and Collins, K. R., 2012, Reliability of Structures, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 407 pp.
Nowak, A. S., and Szerszen, M., 2003, “Calibration of Design Code for Buildings (ACI 318): Part 1—Statistical Model for Resistance,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 100, No. 3, May-June, pp. 377-382.
Park, H., and Cho, J., 2017, “Ductility Analysis of Prestressed Concrete Members with High-Strength Strands and Code Implications,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 114, No. 2, Mar.-Apr., pp. 407-416. doi: 10.14359/51689435
Pilakoutas, K.; Neocleous, K.; and Guadagnini, M., 2002, “Design Philosophy Issues of Fiber Reinfored Polymer Reinforced Concrete Structures,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 6, No. 3, Aug., pp. 154-161. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2002)6:3(154)
Shield, C. K.; Galambos, T. V.; and Gulbrandsen, P., 2011, “On the History and Reliability of the Flexural Strength of FRP Reinforced Concrete Members in ACI 440.1R,” Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures 10th International Symposium, SP-275, R. Sen, R. Seracino, C. Shield, and W. Gold, eds., American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, pp. 1-18.
Vu, K., and Stewart, M., 2000 “Structural Reliability of Concrete Bridges Including Improved Chloride-Induced Corrosion Models,” Structural Safety, V. 22, No. 4, pp. 313-333. doi: 10.1016/S0167-4730(00)00018-7
Xue, W.; Peng, F.; and Fang, Z., 2018, “Behavior and Design of Slender Rectangular Concrete Columns Longitudinally Reinforced with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 115, No. 2, Mar., pp. 311-322. doi: 10.14359/51701131
Xue, W.; Peng, F.; and Tan, Y., 2017, “Evaluation of Flexural Design Approaches for Prestressed Concrete Beams with Bonded FRP Tendons,” Final Report CJJ/T 280, Tongji University, Shanghai, China, 68 pp.
Xue, W.; Peng, F.; and Zheng, Q., 2016, “Design Equations for Flexural Capacity of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars,” Journal of Composites for Construction, ASCE, V. 20, No. 3, June, pp. 04015069. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000630, 04015069.10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000630
Zadeh, H. J., and Nanni, A., 2013, “Reliability Analysis of Concrete Beams Internally Reinforced with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 110, No. 6, Nov.-Dec., pp. 1023-1032.