Title:
Movements That Affect Tolerance Measurements
Author(s):
Bruce A. Suprenant and Ward R. Malisch
Publication:
Concrete International
Volume:
38
Issue:
7
Appears on pages(s):
27-32
Keywords:
slab, slope, shortening, temperature
DOI:
10.14359/51689121
Date:
7/1/2016
Abstract:
As-built measurements are used to determine if concrete construction is in compliance with specified tolerances. But concrete members move after concrete has hardened and most of these movements occur over a period of months or years. The article discusses requirements of ACI 117-10 for surface measurements of slabs and suspended slabs, and asks why similar timing restrictions are not used for other compliance measurements.
Related References:
1. “Building Movements and Joints,” EB086, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, IL, 1982, 64 pp.
2. ACI Committee 117, “Specification for Tolerances for Concrete Construction and Materials (ACI 117-10) and Commentary (ACI 117R-10) (Reapproved 2015),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2010, 76 pp.
3. ACI Committee 301, “Specifications for Structural Concrete (ACI 301-16),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2016, 64 pp.
4. ACI Committee 302, “Guide to Concrete Floor and Slab Construction (ACI 302.1R-15),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2015, 76 pp.
5. Suprenant, B.A., “The Concrete Floor Tolerance/Floor Covering Conundrum,” Concrete International, V. 25, No. 7, July 2003, pp. 89-94.
6. “The Effect of Curling on Floor Flatness,” ASCC Position Statement #35, Concrete International, V. 32, No. 12, Dec. 2010, p. 76.
7. Malisch, W.R., and Suprenant, B.A., “Effect of Deflection on Flatness of Elevated Slabs,” civil + structural Engineer, Jan. 2013 (http://cenews.com/article/9135/effect-of-deflection-on-flatness-ofelevated-slabs).
8. “The Effect of Deflection on Floor Flatness,” ASCC Position Statement #36, Concrete International, V. 33, No. 1, Jan. 2011, p. 75.
9. Suprenant, B.A., “Why Slabs Curl,” Concrete International, V. 24, No. 3, Mar. 2002, pp. 56-61.
10. ACI Committee 318, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-14) and Commentary (ACI 318R-14),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2014, 519 pp.
11. Suprenant, B.A., “Understanding Balcony Drainage,” Concrete International, V. 26, No. 1, Jan. 2004, pp. 84-87.
12. “2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design,” Department of Justice, 2010, 275 pp. (www.ada.gov/regs2010/2010ADAStandards/2010ADAStandards.pdf).
13. Wright, W.V.; Coyle, H.M.; Bartoskewitz, R.E.; and Milberger, L.J., “New Retaining Wall Design Criteria Based on Lateral Earth Pressure Measurements,” TTI-2-5-71-169-4F Report, Texas Transportation Institute, 1975, 113 pp.
14. “Construction Tolerance Conflicts in Reinforced Concrete,” Engineering Data Report Number 40, Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute, Schaumburg, IL, 1995, 4 pp.
15. Suprenant, B.A., and Malisch, W.R., “Effect of Post-Tensioning on Tolerances,” Concrete International, V. 31, No. 1, Jan. 2009, pp. 58-65.
16. Aalami, B.O., and Barth, F.G., “Restraint Cracks and Their Mitigation in Unbonded Post-Tensioned Building Structures,” Cracking in Concrete Prestressed Structures, SP-113, G.T. Halvorsen and N.H. Burns, eds., American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 1989, 212 pp.
17. Allred, B., “Common Post-Tensioning & Construction Issues,” Structure, National Council of Engineers Associations, July 2005, pp. 22-25.
18. Bondy, K.B., “Shortening Problem in Post-Tensioned Concrete Buildings,” SEAOC Seminar Proceedings—Design Review and Inspection of Prestressed Concrete Building Projects, Jan. 1989.
19. Kelley, G.S., and Barth, F.G., Design, Construction and Maintenance of Cast-in-Place Post-Tensioned Concrete Parking Structures, Post-Tensioning Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2001, 159 pp.
20. “Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges (AISC 303-10),” American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago IL, 2010, 71 pp.
21. “Tolerance Manual for Precast and Prestressed Concrete Construction (MNL 135-00),” Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, Chicago, IL, 2000, 181 pp.
22. Iqbal, M., “Thermal Movements in Parking Structures,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 104, No. 5, Sept.-Oct. 2007, pp. 542-548.