Title:
INELASTIC DEFORMATION ANALYSIS OF RC BRIDGE PIERS, PART 1: THEORY AND BACKGROUND
Author(s):
Martin Bimschas, Eleni Chatzi, and Peter Marti
Publication:
Structural Journal
Volume:
112
Issue:
3
Appears on pages(s):
267-276
Keywords:
bridge piers; flexure; inelastic deformation analysis; plastic hinges; reinforced concrete; seismic design; shear; stress fields; tension shift
DOI:
10.14359/51687653
Date:
5/1/2015
Abstract:
In this paper, a theoretical concept is presented for the inelastic
flexural deformation analysis of reinforced concrete bridge piers. The influence of shear-related inclined cracking on the flexural deformation behavior is taken into account using discontinuous stress fields for the determination of the chord forces. The goal is the development of a reliable mechanical model being able to describe the complete distribution of flexural deformations along the member and at all loading levels. The influence of various shear-carrying mechanisms on the spread of plasticity is discussed and the required mathematical relationships for a practical application are derived. The presented background gives both qualitative
and quantitative insight into the phenomena and parameters
influencing the flexural deformation behavior under the influence of shear-related tension shift. While the study focuses on the example of cantilever bridge piers with wall-type cross sections, the same concept can also be applied to more general members.
Related References:
1. Sigrist, V., “Zum Verformungsvermögen von Stahlbetonträgern (On the Deformation Capacity of Structural Concrete Girders),” IBK Report No. 210, Institute of Structural Engineering, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland, 1995, 159 pp.
2. Alvarez, M., “Einfluss des Verbundverhaltens auf das Verformungsvermögen von Stahlbeton (Influence of Bond Behavior on the Deformation Capacity of Structural Concrete),” IBK Report No. 236, Institute of Structural Engineering, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland, 1998, 182 pp.
3. Marti, P.; Alvarez, M.; Kaufmann, W.; and Sigrist, V., “Tension Chord Model for Structural Concrete,” Structural Engineering International, V. 8, No. 4, 1998, pp. 287-298. doi: 10.2749/101686698780488875
4. Vidot-Vega, A. L., and Kowalsky, M., “Impact of Seismic Input on Strain/Displacement Response of Reinforced Concrete Members and Frames,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 108, No. 2, Mar-Apr. 2011, pp. 178-187.
5. Bimschas, M.; Chatzi, E.; and Marti, P., “Inelastic Deformation Analysis of RC Bridge Piers, Part 2: Application and Verification,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 112, No. 3, May-June 2015, pp. 277-286.
6. Lehman, D. E., and Moehle, J. P., “Seismic Performance of Well-Confined Concrete Bridge Columns,” PEER Report 1998-01, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 2000, 286 pp.
7. Hines, E. M., “Seismic Performance of Hollow Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Bridge Piers with Confined Corner Elements,” PhD thesis, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 2002, 312 pp.
8. Priestley, M. J. N.; Calvi, G. M.; and Kowalsky, M. J., “Displacement-Based Seismic Design of Structures,” IUSS Press, Pavia, Italy, 2007, 721 pp.
9. Berry, M. P.; Lehman, D. E.; and Lowes, L. N., “Lumped-Plasticity Models for Performance Simulation of Bridge Columns,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 105, No. 3, May-June 2008, pp. 270-279.
10. Bohl, A., and Adebar, P., “Plastic Hinge Lengths in High-Rise Concrete Shear Walls,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 108, No. 2, Mar.-Apr. 2011, pp. 148-157.
11. Hines, E. M.; Restrepo, J. I.; and Seible, F., ���Force-Displacement Characterization of Well-Confined Bridge Piers,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 101, No. 4, July-Aug. 2004, pp. 537-548.
12. Bae, S., and Bayrak, O., “Plastic Hinge Length of Reinforced Concrete Columns,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 105, No. 3, May-June 2008, pp. 290-300.
13. Panagiotakos, T. B., and Fardis, M. N., “Deformations of Reinforced Concrete Members at Yielding and Ultimate,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 98, No. 2, Mar.-Apr. 2001, pp. 135-148.
14. Haselton, C. B.; Liel, A. B.; Taylor Lange, S.; and Deierlein, G. G., “Beam-Column Element Model Calibrated for Predicting Flexural Response Leading to Global Collapse of RC Frame Buildings,” PEER report 2007/03, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 2008.
15. Comité Euro-International du Béton (CEB), “CEB-FIP Model Code 90,” Bulletin d’Information No. 213/214, Lausanne, Switzerland, 1993, 437 pp.
16. Filippou, F. C., “A Simple Model for Reinforcing Bar Anchorages Under Cyclic Excitations,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 112, No. 7, 1986, pp. 1639-1659. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1986)112:7(1639)
17. Alsiwat, J. M., and Saatcioglu, M., “Reinforcement Anchorage Slip under Monotonic Loading,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 118, No. 9, 1992, pp. 2421-2438. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1992)118:9(2421)
18. Saatcioglu, M.; Alsiwat, J. M.; and Ozcebe, G., “Hysteretic Behavior of Anchorage Slip in R/C Members,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 118, No. 9, 1992, pp. 2439-2458. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1992)118:9(2439)
19. Sezen, H., and Setzler, E. J., “Reinforcement Slip in Reinforcement Concrete Columns,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 105, No. 3, May-June 2008, pp. 280-289.
20. Eligehausen, R.; Popov, E. P.; and Bertero, V. V., “Local Bond Stress-Slip Relationships of Deformed Bars under Generalized Excitations,” Report No. UCB/EERC-83/23, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 1983, 162 pp.
21. Fenwick, R. C., and Paulay, T., “Mechanisms of Shear Resistance of Concrete Beams,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, V. 94, Oct. 1968, pp. 2325-2350.
22. Kani, G. N. J., “The Riddle of Shear Failure and Its Solution,” ACI Journal Proceedings, V. 61, No. 4, Apr. 1964, pp. 441-467.
23. Reineck, K.-H., “Ultimate Shear Force of Structural Concrete Members without Transverse Reinforcement Derived from a Mechanical Model,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 88, No. 5, Sept.-Oct. 1991, pp. 592-602.
24. Bachmann, H., “Zur plastizitätstheoretischen Berechnung statisch unbestimmter Stahlbetonbalken (On the Plasticity Theory Based Analysis of Statically Indeterminate Reinforced Concrete Beams),” PhD thesis, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, 1967, 189 pp.
25. Leonhardt, F., “Die verminderte Schubdeckung bei Stahlbeton-Tragwerken (Reduced Shear Coverage in Reinforced Concrete Structures),” Der Bauingenieur, V. 40, No. 1, Jan. 1965, pp. 1-15.
26. Müller, P., “Plastische Berechnung von Stahlbetonscheiben und -balken (Plastic Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Membranes and Beams),” IBK Report No. 83, Institute of Structural Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, 1978, 160 pp.
27. Marti, P., “Basic Tools of Reinforced Concrete Beam Design,” ACI Journal Proceedings, V. 82, No. 1, Jan.-Feb. 1985, pp. 46-56.
28. Sigrist, V.; Alvarez, M.; and Kaufmann, W., “Shear and Flexure in Structural Concrete Beams”, in: “Ultimate Limit State Design Models,” Bulletin d’Information No. 223, Comité Euro-International du Béton (CEB), Lausanne, Switzerland, 1995.
29. Schlaich, J.; Schäfer, K.; and Jennewein, M., “Toward a Consistent Design of Structural Concrete,” PCI Journal, V. 32, No. 3, 1987, pp. 74-150. doi: 10.15554/pcij.05011987.74.150
30. Nielsen, M. P., “On the Strength of Reinforced Concrete Discs”, Acta Polytechnica Scandinavica, Civil Engineering and Building Construction Series, No. 70, 1971, 261 pp.
31. Blaauwendraad, J., and Hoogenboom, P. C. J., “Stringer Panel Model for Structural Concrete Design,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 93, No. 3, May-June 1996, pp. 295-305.
32. Kaufmann, W.; Marti, P.; Kim, D.; Kim, W.; and White, R. N., “discussion of “Prediction of Reinforcement Tension Produced by Arch Action in RC Beams” by Kim, D.; Kim, W; and White, R. N. (Jan.-Feb. 1998),” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 125, No. 8, 1999, pp. 940-941. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1999)125:8(940)