Title:
Effect of Limited Tension Stiffening in Reinforced Concrete Elements under Cyclic Loads
Author(s):
Xueying Wang and J. S. Kuang
Publication:
Structural Journal
Volume:
116
Issue:
6
Appears on pages(s):
143-152
Keywords:
cyclic loading; cyclic tension-stiffening fixed-angle truss model; reinforced concrete membrane element; shear; tension stiffening
DOI:
10.14359/51716802
Date:
11/1/2019
Abstract:
The tension capacity in cracked concrete is not well defined in existing shear models for reinforced concrete (RC) membrane elements under cyclic reversed loading, and the shear strength of RC elements is consequently overestimated due to the deviated decreasing branch of envelope of cyclic tensile stress-strain relationship. In this paper, the cyclic effect of limited tension stiffening of cracked RC elements is evaluated by proposing an analytical model named as the cyclic tension-stiffening fixed-angle truss model (CTFTM). The proposed model, based on fixed-angle theory, integrates unloading and reloading rules and accumulated damage into the limited tension-stiffening effect under cyclic loading and considers the consequent local stress variation at crack surface. The cyclic effect of limited tension stiffening of RC elements is verified by comparing with experimental results in the literature. The predictions show good agreement, and the effect of biaxial loading is also examined.
Related References:
1. Vecchio, F. J., and Collins, M. P., “The Modified Compression-field Theory for Reinforced Concrete Elements Subjected to Shear,” ACI Journal Proceedings, V. 83, No. 2, Mar.-Apr. 1986, pp. 219-231.
2. Hsu, T. T. C., “Softened Truss Model Theory for Shear and Torsion,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 85, No. 6, Nov.-Dec. 1988, pp. 624-635.
3. Pang, X. B., and Hsu, T. T. C., “Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Membrane Elements in Shear,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 92, No. 6, Nov.-Dec. 1995, pp. 665-679.
4. Pang, X. B., and Hsu, T. T. C., “Fixed Angle Softened Truss Model for Reinforced Concrete,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 93, No. 2, Mar.-Apr. 1996, pp. 197-207.
5. Wang, X., and Kuang, J. S., “Effect of Limited Tension Stiffening on Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Panels in Shear,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 116, No. 2, Mar. 2019, pp. 147-157. doi: 10.14359/51711140
6. Vecchio, F. J., “Towards Cyclic Load Modelling of Reinforced Concrete,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 96, No. 2, Mar.-Apr. 1999, pp. 193-202.
7. Mansour, M. Y., and Hsu, T. T. C., “Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Elements under Cyclic Shear. II: Theoretical Model,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 131, No. 1, 2005, pp. 54-65. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:1(54)
8. Mansour, M.; Lee, J. Y.; and Hsu, T. T. C., “Cyclic Stress–Strain Curves of Concrete and Steel Bars in Membrane Elements,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 127, No. 12, 2001, pp. 1402-1411. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2001)127:12(1402)
9. Kaufmann, W., and Marti, P., “Structural Concrete: Cracked Membrane Model,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 124, No. 12, 1998, pp. 1467-1475. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1998)124:12(1467)
10. Pimentel, M.; Brüwhiler, E.; and Figueiras, J., “Extended Cracked Membrane Model for the Analysis of RC Panels,” Engineering Structures, V. 32, No. 8, 2010, pp. 1964-1975. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.02.030
11. Mansour, M. Y., and Hsu, T. T. C., “Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Elements under Cyclic Shear. I: Experiments,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 131, No. 1, 2005, pp. 44-53. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:1(44)
12. Belarbi, A., and Hsu, T. T. C., “Constitutive Laws of Softened Concrete in Biaxial Tension-Compression,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 92, No. 5, Sept.-Oct. 1995, pp. 562-573.
13. Vecchio, F. J., and Collins, M. P., “The Response of Reinforced Concrete to In-Plane Shear and Normal Stresses,” Publication 82-03, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, 1982.
14. Hsu, T. T. C., and Zhang, L. X., “Nonlinear Analysis of Membrane Elements by Fixed-angle Softened-truss Model,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 94, No. 5, Sept.-Oct. 1997, pp. 483-492.
15. Belarbi, A., and Hsu, T. T. C., “Constitutive Laws of Concrete in Tension and Reinforcing Bars Stiffened by Concrete,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 91, No. 4, July-Aug. 1994, pp. 465-474.
16. Biscaia, H. C.; Chastre, C.; and Silva, M. A. G., “Linear and Nonlinear Analysis of Bond-slip Models for Interfaces between FRP Composites and Concrete,” Composites. Part B, Engineering, V. 45, No. 1, 2013, pp. 1554-1568. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.08.011
17. Rizkalla, S. H.; Hwang, L. S.; and El-Shahawi, M., “Transverse Reinforcement Effect on Cracking Behaviour of R.C. Members,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, V. 10, No. 4, 1983, pp. 566-581. doi: 10.1139/l83-087
18. American Society of Civil Engineers, “State-of-the-Art Report on Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete,” Task Committee on Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structures, ASCE, New York, 1982.
19. Gupta, A. K., and Maestrini, S. R., “Tension-Stiffness Model for Reinforced Concrete Bars,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 116, No. 3, 1990, pp. 769-790. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1990)116:3(769)
20. Hsu, T. T. C., and Mo, Y. L., Unified Theory of Concrete Structures, Wiley, Chichester, UK, 2010, 518 pp.