Title:
Axial Load-Bending Moment-Interaction Diagram of Partially Composite Precast Concrete Sandwich Panels
Author(s):
Douglas Tomlinson and Amir Fam
Publication:
Structural Journal
Volume:
115
Issue:
6
Appears on pages(s):
1515-1528
Keywords:
combined loading; composite action; interaction diagram; sandwich panel; slenderness
DOI:
10.14359/51710834
Date:
11/1/2018
Abstract:
The axial load-moment interaction diagram for a 2.7 m (106 in.) long partially composite precast concrete sandwich panel was developed using five full-scale tests and nine stub specimens. The load-bearing sandwich panel comprised a ribbed structural wythe and a façade wythe connected through angled steel shear connectors passing through a layer of insulation. The panels were first subjected to axial compression loads applied to the structural wythe only, then were loaded transversely in flexure while subjected to the various levels of axial loads. One panel was only loaded axially to failure. At axial loads between the classical tension- and compression-controlled failure regions in the interaction curve, a third failure mode unique to sandwich panels was observed—namely, shear connection failure by excessive slip and yielding of connectors. This failure mode dissipated energy similar to conventional flexural tension failure. The interaction curve of the panel was compared to analytical interaction diagrams developed for the cases of fully composite and noncomposite panels. The study considered second-order effects from slenderness of the panel. Also, the location of the effective centroid of the partially composite panel was established to calculate the end eccentricity of the axial load, which contributes to the total moment. The level of composite action was assessed using a variety of methods. Based on the strength method, composite action decreased from 87% in pure flexure to 11% at an axial load equal to 31% of the pure axial capacity of the structural wythe.
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