Title:
Database Evaluation of Interface Shear Transfer in Reinforced Concrete Members
Author(s):
Mahmoodreza Soltani and Brandon E. Ross
Publication:
Structural Journal
Volume:
114
Issue:
2
Appears on pages(s):
383-394
Keywords:
codes; nominal shear strength; shear; shear friction; specifications
DOI:
10.14359/51689249
Date:
3/1/2017
Abstract:
A database of interface shear-transfer experiments on uncracked reinforced concrete specimens was created from published test results. A total of 774 tests were reviewed, with data coming from tests conducted between 1969 and 2014. Once compiled, the database was used to evaluate the accuracy of the interface shear transfer provisions from the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, Eurocode 2, and CSA A23.3. Through this evaluation, it was determined that experimental capacities were an average of 1.49, 1.93, and 2.83 times greater than the code-calculated nominal capacities for the LRFD, Eurocode, and CSA codes, respectively. While each of the codes was conservative on average, the degree of conservatism was found to be dependent on design variables such as concrete compressive strength, amount of interface reinforcement, and member size. For example, conservatism of LRFD was lowest for specimens having concrete compressive strengths less than 60 MPa (87 ksi). Conditions associated with the lowest degrees of conservatism are identified and discussed.
Related References:
1. AASHTO, “AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications,” seventh edition, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC, 2014.
2. Group, B. S. I., “Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Structures,” British Standards Institution, UK, 2004.
3. CSA A23.3-14, “Design of Concrete Structures,” Canadian Standards Association, Toronto, ON, Canada, 2014.
4. Reineck, K. H.; Kuchma, D. A.; and Fitik, B., “Extended Databases with Shear Tests on Structural Concrete Beams without and with Stirrups for the Assessment of Shear Design Procedures,” University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany, and University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, 2010.
5. Nakamura, E.; Avendaño; A. R.; and Bayrak, O., “Shear Database for Prestressed Concrete Members,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 110, No. 6, Nov.-Dec. 2013, pp. 909-918.
6. Reineck, K.-H.; Kuchma, D. A.; Kim, K. S.; and Marx, S., “Shear Database for Reinforced Concrete Members without Shear Reinforcement,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 100, No. 2, Mar.-Apr. 2003, pp. 240-249.
7. Mast, R. F., “Auxiliary Reinforcement in Concrete Connections,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, V. 94, No. 6, 1968, pp. 1485-1504.
8. Birkeland, P. W., and Birkeland, H. W., “Connections in Precast Concrete Construction,” ACI Journal Proceedings, V. 63, No. 3, Mar. 1966, pp. 345-368.
9. Hofbeck, J. A.; Ibrahim, I. O.; and Mattock, A. H., “Shear Transfer in Reinforced Concrete,” ACI Journal Proceedings, V. 66, No. 2, Feb. 1969, pp. 119-128.
10. Mattock, A. H., and Hawkins, N. M., “Shear Transfer in Reinforced Concrete—Recent Research,” PCI Journal, V. 17, No. 2, 1972, pp. 55-75. doi: 10.15554/pcij.03011972.55.75
11. ACI Committee 318, “Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318-77),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 1977, 103 pp.
12. ACI Committee 318, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-14) and Commentary (ACI 318R-14),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2014, 519 pp.
13. Kahn, L. F., and Mitchell, A. D., “Shear Friction Tests with High-Strength Concrete,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 99, No. 1, Jan.-Feb. 2002, pp. 98-103.
14. Hsu, T. T.; Mau, S. T.; and Chen, B., “Theory on Shear Transfer Strength of Reinforced Concrete,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 84, No. 2, Mar.-Apr. 1987, pp. 149-160.
15. Hwang, S. J.; Yu, H. W.; and Lee, H. J., “Theory of Interface Shear Capacity of Reinforced Concrete,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 126, No. 6, 2000, pp. 700-707. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2000)126:6(700)
16. Gohnert, M., “Proposed Theory to Determine the Horizontal Shear between Composite Precast and In-Situ Concrete,” Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 22, No. 6, 2000, pp. 469-476. doi: 10.1016/S0958-9465(00)00050-0
17. Santos, P. M. D., and Júlio, E. N. B. S., “Interface Shear Transfer on Composite Concrete Members,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 111, No. 1, Jan.-Feb. 2014, pp. 113-122.
18. Tsoukantas, S. G., and Tassios, T. P., “Shear Resistance of Connections Between Reinforced Concrete Linear Precast Elements,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 86, No. 3, May-June 1989, pp. 242-249.
19. Mattock, A. H., “Shear Friction and High-Strength Concrete,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 98, No. 1, Jan.-Feb. 2001, pp. 50-59.
20. ACI Committee 318, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-99) and Commentary (ACI 318R-99),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 1999, 369 pp.
21. ACI Committee 318, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-02) and Commentary (ACI 318R-02),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 443 pp.
22. Lang, M., “Analysis of the AASHTO LRFD Horizontal Shear Strength Equation,” Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 2011.
23. Sneed, L. H., and Shaw, D. M., “Lightweight Concrete Modification Factor for Shear Friction (No. NUTC R276/R317),” Oct. 2013.
24. PCI Design Handbook: Precast and Prestressed Concrete Institute, seventh edition, Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, Chicago, IL, 2010.
25. Loov, R. E., and Patnaik, A. K., “Horizontal Shear Strength of Composite Concrete Beams with a Rough Interface,” PCI Journal, V. 39, No. 1, 1994, pp. 48-69. doi: 10.15554/pcij.01011994.48.69
26. Patnaik, A. K., “Evaluation of ACI 318-95 Shear-Friction Provisions: Discussion,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 97, No. 3, May-June 2000, pp. 525-526.
27. Kahn, L. F., and Slapkus, A., “Interface Shear in High Strength Composite T-Beams,” PCI Journal, V. 49, No. 4, 2004, pp. 102-110. doi: 10.15554/pcij.07012004.102.110
28. Mattock, A. H.; Li, W. K.; and Wang, T. C., “Shear Transfer in Lightweight Reinforced Concrete,” PCI Journal, V. 21, No. 1, 1976, pp. 20-39. doi: 10.15554/pcij.01011976.20.39
29. Nowak, A. S.; Rakoczy, A. M.; and Szeliga, E. K., “Revised Statistical Resistance Models for R/C Structural Components,” Andy Scanlon Symposium on Serviceability and Safety of Concrete Structures: From Research to Practice, SP-284, P. H. Bischoff and E. Musselman, eds., American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2012, 16 pp. (CD-ROM)
30. Nowak, A. S., and Szerszen, M. M., “Bridge Load and Resistance Models,” Engineering Structures, V. 20, No. 11, 1998, pp. 985-990. doi: 10.1016/S0141-0296(97)00193-4
31. Rakoczy, A. M., and Nowak, A. S., “Resistance Model of Lightweight Concrete Members,” ACI Materials Journal, V. 110, No. 1, Jan.-Feb. 2013, pp. 99-108.
32. Nowak, A. S.; Park, C.-H.; and Casas, J. R., “Reliability Analysis of Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girders: Comparison of Eurocode, Spanish Norma IAP and AASHTO LRFD,” Structural Safety, V. 23, No. 4, 2001, pp. 331-344. doi: 10.1016/S0167-4730(02)00007-3
33. Nowak, A. S., “Load Model for Bridge Design Code,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, V. 21, No. 1, 1994, pp. 36-49. doi: 10.1139/l94-004
34. Santos, P. M. D., and Júlio, E. N. B. S., “A State-of-the-Art Review on Shear-Friction,” Engineering Structures, V. 45, Dec. 2012, pp. 435-448. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.06.036