ACI PRC-221-25: Use of Normalweight and Heavyweight Aggregates in Concrete—Guide

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Description

This guide presents information on selection and use of normalweight and heavyweight aggregates in concrete. The selection and use of aggregates in concrete should be based on technical criteria as well as economic considerations and knowledge of types of aggregates generally available in the area of construction. The properties of aggregates and their processing and handling influence the properties of both fresh and hardened concrete. The effectiveness of processing, stockpiling, and aggregate qualitFy control procedures will affect batch-to-batch and day-to-day variation in the properties of concrete. Aggregates that do not comply with the specification requirements may be suitable for use if the properties of the concrete using these aggregates are acceptable, as per Chapter 6. Materials that can be recycled or produced from waste products are potential sources of concrete aggregates; however, special evaluation may be necessary.

Keywords:

alkali-silica reaction (ASR); attached mortar; characterization; durability; field performance; fresh concrete; hardened concrete; heavyweight aggregate; normalweight aggregate; quality control; recycled aggregate; specific gravity.

 

Document Details

Author: ACI Committee 221

Publication Year: 2025

Pages: 38

ISBN: 9781641953184

Formats: Printed Document or Protected PDF/Web View

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1—INTRODUCTION, p. 2

CHAPTER 2—NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS, p. 6

2.1—Notation, p. 6

2.2—Definitions, p. 6

CHAPTER 3—PROPERTIES OF HARDENED CONCRETE INFLUENCED BY AGGREGATE PROPERTIES, p. 6

3.1—Strength, p. 6

3.2—Durability, p. 7

3.3—Shrinkage, p. 10

3.4—Modulus of elasticity, p. 11

3.5—Unit weight, p. 11

3.6—Surface friction properties and abrasion resistance, p. 11

3.7—Thermal properties, p. 13

3.8—Economy, p. 13

CHAPTER 4—PROPERTIES OF FRESHLY MIXED CONCRETE INFLUENCED BY AGGREGATE PROPERTIES, p. 13

4.1—General, p. 13

4.2—Mixture proportions, p. 13

4.3—Aggregate optimization, p. 14

4.4—Slump and workability, p. 14

4.5—Pumpability, p. 15

4.6—Bleeding, p. 16

4.7—Finishing characteristics of unformed concrete, p. 16

4.8—Air content, p. 16

4.9—Other properties, p. 16

CHAPTER 5—EFFECTS OF PROCESSING AND HANDLING OF AGGREGATES ON PROPERTIES OF FRESHLY MIXED AND HARDENED CONCRETE, p. 16

5.1—General, p. 16

5.2—Basic processing, p. 17

5.3—Beneficiation, p. 18

5.4—Handling of aggregates, p. 18

5.5—Environmental concerns, p. 20

CHAPTER 6—QUALITY ASSURANCE, p. 20

6.1—General, p. 20

6.2—Routine visual inspection, p. 22

6.3—Routine control testing, p. 22

6.4—Acceptance testing, p. 22

6.5—Record keeping and reports, p. 23

CHAPTER 7—RECYCLED CONCRETE AGGREGATE, p. 23

7.1—Background, p. 23

7.2—Recycled concrete aggregate processing, p. 24

7.3—Definition and characterization of RCA, p. 24

7.4—Mixture design of concrete with RCA, p. 25

7.5—RCA concrete material properties, p. 26

7.6—Field performance of pavement made of RCA, p. 27

7.7—Sustainability benefits of using RCA, p. 28

CHAPTER 8—HEAVYWEIGHT AGGREGATES, p. 28

8.1—Introduction, p. 28

8.2—Heavyweight aggregate materials, p. 28

8.3—Properties and specifications for heavyweight aggregates, p. 29

8.4—Proportioning heavyweight concrete, p. 30

8.5—Aggregates for use in radiation shielding concrete, p. 30

8.6—Heavyweight aggregate supply, storage, and batching, p. 30

CHAPTER 9—REFERENCES, p. 30

Authored documents, p. 32

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