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Home > Publications > International Concrete Abstracts Portal
Showing 1-5 of 18 Abstracts search results
Document:
SP223-16
Date:
October 1, 2004
Author(s):
Bryant Mather
Publication:
Symposium Papers
Volume:
223
Abstract:
Douglas Southall Freeman’s authoritative biography of Robert E. Lee has a chapter on the building of Fort Carroll in the middle of Baltimore Harbor in 1849-1852. In the spring of that year, Lee established that there was a stable hard surface 45 ft below low water and began to work on the construction. These preliminary activities, as recounted by Freeman, included the following: "He experimented in the laying of concrete under water with a tremie." Lee continued with the work until August 1852 when he was sent to be Commandant at West Point. By then some concrete had been placed in Fort Carroll. Lee received information from General Totten on 22 June 1849 on placing concrete with a tremie. Lee replied on 25 June, "I shall make experiments to test the tremie preparatory to laying foundations." These experiments are among the earliest bits of concrete research done in the USA.
DOI:
10.14359/13508
SP223-17
In a letter in the September 2000 issue of Concrete International, D. Srinivasan asked, "Will there be a self-curing concrete?" My answer to this is strongly affirmative for three reasons. First, most of the concrete that is produced and placed each year all over the world already does self-cure. Some of it wasn’t intended to have anything done to its exterior surface. But finishing did in fact take place, and yet the concrete’s ability to serve its intended purpose had not been significantly reduced.
10.14359/13509
SP223-13
This lecture is about concrete - specifically, hydraulic-cement concrete. If one starts with the dry powder that is hydraulic cement - usually the particular class of hydraulic cement known as portland cement - and adds water, what results, depending on the amount of water added, is cement paste or grout. Grout can be poured like gravy. If fine aggregate is added, the result is mortar or sanded grout. If both fine aggregate and coarse aggregate are added, the result is concrete. As the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania once wrote in a decision dealing with cement-manufacturing plants, "cement is to concrete as flour is to fruitcake." My first point is, to get proper concrete, get the terminology right. There is no such thing as a cement mixer. And sand is not a synonym for fine aggregate; sand is a class of fine aggregate produced by nature rather than by rock crushers and grinding mills.
10.14359/13505
SP223-14
No one could question the appropriateness of "Research on Concrete" as a topic for a Stanton Walker Lecture on the Materials Sciences. Research, according to Webster’s Dictionary, is "critical and exhaustive investigation or experimentation having as its aim the discovery of new facts and their correct interpretation; the revision of accepted conclusions, theories, or laws, in the light of newly discovered facts; or the practical applications of such new or revised conclusions." Dr. Bates noted, in the first of these lectures in 1963,1 that it had recently been said that "concrete is not a material, it is a process." However, in 1967, when the American Concrete Institute finally got around to publishing an official definition of concrete,2 hat definition read: "A composite material which consists essentially of a binding medium within which are embedded particles or fragments of aggregate; in portland cement concrete, the binder is a mixture of portland cement and water."
10.14359/13506
SP223-09
The phenomena related to the formation of hydrated sulfates in concrete, or in aggregates, cement pastes, or mortars, have been investigated for many years for a variety of purposes. The cyclic immersion of aggregate particles in solutions of sodium or magnesium sulfate, followed by drying, is the basis of one of the oldest procedures employed to develop data purported to relate to aggregate "soundness." The storage of mortar specimens in sulfate solutions is the basis of many tests for sulfate resistance of cements. Sulfate-resistance testing procedures in which the mortar is mixed with added sulfate and the specimens are stored in water are in widespread use. These latter procedures are similar to procedures employed in studies of expansive cements.
10.14359/13501
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