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The International Concrete Abstracts Portal is an ACI led collaboration with leading technical organizations from within the international concrete industry and offers the most comprehensive collection of published concrete abstracts.

Showing 1-5 of 33 Abstracts search results

Document: 

SP109-32

Date: 

August 1, 1988

Author(s):

A. R. Al-Rabiah, R. Baggot, and Rasheed Dizzafar

Publication:

Symposium Papers

Volume:

109

Abstract:

Describes the construction of the 25-km King Fahd Causeway in the Arabian Gulf. On the basis of a review of the performance of marine structures elsewhere in the world, the paper outlines the salient features of concrete deterioration in sea water and discusses the durability requirements for concrete construction in marine environment. Concrete durability considerations for the causeway are outlined in selection of concrete materials and mixes. The durability monitoring of the causeway is being carried out in two phases. Phase I involves continuous visual inspection of the structure, and Phase II includes long term investigations on concrete specimens exposed to submerged, tidal, and atmospheric zones of the Arabian Gulf.

DOI:

10.14359/3308

Document: 

SP109-03

Date: 

August 1, 1988

Author(s):

B. C. Gerwick, Jr. And D. Berner

Publication:

Symposium Papers

Volume:

109

Abstract:

Composite steel/concrete sandwich elements are being given intensive research and development efforts because of their excellent structural performance under intense concentrated loads, such as those imposed by sea ice or icebergs. Since the initial applications are expected to be in Arctic and sub-Arctic environments, consideration must be given to thermal phenomena and to insuring long-term durability. Thermal problems addressed include the effects of heat of hydration, with subsequent cooling, freeze-thaw behavior, differential contraction and strain gradients, and low-temperature ductility under impact. Durability problems addressed are corrosion of plates and reinforcement, abrasion and abrasion-corrosion interaction, and fatigue under the continuous crushing of ice. After examining the particular aspects of these considerations in relation to composite elements, recommendations for long-term satisfactory performance are developed as a guide for practical application.

DOI:

10.14359/2804

Document: 

SP109-23

Date: 

August 1, 1988

Author(s):

G. Singh and L. Ip

Publication:

Symposium Papers

Volume:

109

Abstract:

Ferrocement has attracted world-wide interest because of its proven suitability for marine structures as well as its potential as a repair material. The first part of the paper describes methodology for accelerated exposure of specimens to the marine environment simulated in the laboratory. The main features of this methodology were: the cyclic temperature and moisture environment, and the preloading of specimens up to the state of cracking before placing them in this environment. The second part reports and discussed the influence of the duration of load and the cyclic environment on the fatigue properties measured from tests performed under cyclic loading. These properties are compared with those of the specimens stored in a normal curing room. Fatigue results obtained from the ferrocement specimens are compared with those from the reinforcing wires tested in the air. The fatigue performance of reinforcement in the air was found to be considerably lower than that in the composite.

DOI:

10.14359/2048

Document: 

SP109-24

Date: 

August 1, 1988

Author(s):

S. Nishibayashi, S. Inque ,and K. Yamura

Publication:

Symposium Papers

Volume:

109

Abstract:

Fatigue characteristics of concrete beams were determined under water and in air. Significant differences were observed in the fatigue strengths between the beams tested in water and those in air. The failure pattern of a reinforced concrete beam tested in water occurs as a shear failure but as flexural failure in air. At the same upper load level, the fatigue life of the beam with web reinforcement was approximately 100 times that of the beam without it. The flexural crack width of the specimen in water was lower than that exposed to air. At the same upper load level, however, the deflection and the rate of propagation of the diagonal crack were larger in air.

DOI:

10.14359/2061

Document: 

SP109-26

Date: 

August 1, 1988

Author(s):

S. Ozaki and N. Sugata

Publication:

Symposium Papers

Volume:

109

Abstract:

The deterioration of concrete structures due to age, particularly in marine environments, has recently become a subject of great concern. In this study, the properties of 60-year-old concrete in a marine environment were examined. Taking the opportunity of the demolition of the northern breakwater of a port in Japan, samples were taken from the reinforced concrete caissons, from the upper concrete, and from the foot protection blocks. Tests for concrete strength, porosity, salt content, carbonation, and the corrosion status of the reinforcing bars were performed. The concrete seemed to have retained its strength even after sixty years of exposure to sea water environment. The pore sizes were generally smaller than those of ordinary concrete while the total porosity was the same. The salt content was high at approximately 0.3 to 0.6 percent near the surface of concrete. It reduced, however, to a constant value of about 0.1 percent at a depth of approximately 8 cm. As a result of the study, it was found that the concrete, which was made from blast furnace slag and volcanic ash and appeared to contain sea sand, had scarcely deteriorated at all even though it had been exposed to sea water environment for sixty years.

DOI:

10.14359/2073

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