Title: 309R-05: Guide for Consolidation of Concrete

Author(s): ACI Committee 309

Publication: Technical Documents

Volume:

Issue:

Appears on pages(s): 36

Keywords: box out; compaction; consistency; consolidation; placing, rheology; rodding; segregation; spading; tamping; vibration; vibrator; workability.

DOI:

Date: 8/5/2005

Abstract:
Consolidation is the process of removing entrapped air from freshly placed concrete. Several methods and techniques are available, the choice depending mainly on the workability of the mixture, placing conditions, and degree of air removal desired. Some form of vibration is usually employed. This guide includes information on the mechanism of consolidation and gives recommendations on equipment, characteristics, and procedures for various classes of construction. The paired values stated in inch-pound units and hard SI units are usually not exact equivalents. Therefore, each system is to be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this guide.