Description
This document provides information on the evaluation of both dry-mix and wet-mix shotcrete. It is assumed throughout the document that shotcrete is a method of placing concrete. However, for the sake of readability, the word “shotcrete” is often used either to identify the shotcrete process (method) or the shotcrete mixture (product) in the present document.
Evaluation of in-place shotcrete requires experience, education, and engineering judgment. This document serves as a guide for engineers, inspectors, contractors, and others involved in accepting, rejecting, or evaluating in-place dry- or wet-mix shotcrete.
Keywords:
absorption and voids test; beam test; bond pullout test; density; drilled core test; end-beam tester; in-place density; mockup panel; nailing guns method; needle penetrometer; nondestructive testing; penetrating probe method; round panel test; soil penetrometer
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1—INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE
1.1—Introduction
1.2—Scope
CHAPTER 2—DEFINITIONS
CHAPTER 3—PLANNING TESTING PROGRAM
3.1—General
3.2—Standards
3.3—Planning
CHAPTER 4—EVALUATION OF FRESHLY MIXED SHOTCRETE
4.1—General
4.2—Shotcrete mixture proportions
4.3—Tests applicable for wet-mix shotcrete
4.4—Tests applicable for dry-mix shotcrete
4.5—Frequency and relevance
CHAPTER 5—TEST PANEL PRODUCTION AND TEST SPECIMEN SAMPLING
5.1—General
5.2—Test panels
5.3—Materials
5.4—Procedure
5.5—Curing
5.6—Obtaining specimens from panels
5.7—Reporting test panel data
CHAPTER 6—EVALUATION OF EARLY-AGE STRENGTH
6.1—General
6.2—Field test methods
6.3—Frequency
CHAPTER 7—STRENGTH
7.1—General
7.2—Destructive testing
7.3—Nondestructive testing
7.4—Frequency
7.5—Relevance
CHAPTER 8—VOIDS AND BOND
8.1—General
8.2—Sounding
8.3—Wetting
8.4—Bond pulloff testing
8.5—Nondestructive test methods
8.6—Frequency
8.7—Relevance
CHAPTER 9—POROSITY AND PERMEABILITY
9.1—General
9.2—Density, absorption, and voids in hardened concrete
9.3—Permeability tests
9.4—Concrete’s ability to resist chloride ion penetration
9.5—Density
9.6—Frequency
9.7—Relevance
CHAPTER 10—ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR SHOTCRETE
10.1—General
10.2—Application difficulty levels
10.3—Acceptance criteria for defects and reinforcement encapsulation quality in shotcrete
10.4—Examples for specification of acceptance criteria for shotcrete
CHAPTER 11—PRECONSTRUCTION TESTING
11.1—General
11.2—Preconstruction approaches
11.3—Procedure outline
11.4—Details
CHAPTER 12—EVALUATION OF IN-PLACE SHOTCRETE
12.1—General
12.2—Preliminary investigations
12.3—Detailed investigations
CHAPTER 13—REFERENCES
Authored documents
APPENDIX A—QUALITY ASSURANCE FLOWCHART