Title:
Formwork Pressures and Cement
Replacement by Fly Ash
Author(s):
N. J. Gardner,
Publication:
Concrete International
Volume:
6
Issue:
10
Appears on pages(s):
50-55
Keywords:
concrete construction; fly ash; formwork
(construction); fresh concretes; lateral pressure; loads
(forces); placing; temperature; vibration.
DOI:
Date:
10/1/1984
Abstract:
A continuing experimental investigation into factors influencing the pressure exerted by fresh concrete on vertical form faces is described. The conclusion is that formwork pressures increase with the rate of place-ment, vibrator immersion, slump, decrease in temperature, and increasing percentage cement replacement by fly ash. An equation is developed to conservatively calculate lateral pressures for formwork design purposes.