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Title: Identification and Control of Consolidation-Related Surface Defects in Formed Concrete

Author(s): ACI Committee 309

Publication: Concrete International

Volume: 4

Issue: 4

Appears on pages(s): 55-65

Keywords: aggregates; amplitude; concretes; consistency; consolidation; discoloration; formwork (construction); mix proportioning; placing; preplaced aggregate concrete; quality control; surface defects

DOI:

Date: 4/1/1982

Abstract:
Provides guidelines for identifying and controlling consolidation-related surface defects in precast or cast-in-place concrete. A summary of direct and in-direct causes of such defects, some of which are frequently attributed to inadequate consolidation, is included. An outline to assist reporting surface condi-tions, and photographs illustrating typical concrete surface defects are also included. Surface defects may be minimized by planning during design and specification stages. Equally important is employing trained and motivated supervisory and construction personnel to achieve intended concrete finishes and surface textures. The report emphasizes consolidation factors that prevent surface defects. The reader is cautioned that concrete is a handcrafted product; therefore, other potential causes may exist beyond those listed in this report.