Title: An Historical Review of Norwegian Standards for Durable Marine Concrete Structures

Author(s): Magne Maage

Publication: Symposium Paper

Volume: 170

Issue:

Appears on pages(s): 835-852

Keywords: Chlorides; durability; freeze thaw durability; history; marine atmospheres; reinforced concrete.

DOI: 10.14359/6856

Date: 7/1/1997

Abstract:
The first reinforced concrete (RC) structure in a marine environment in Norway was built in the early 1890’s. At that time no standard or code existed. The first Norwegian regulations on RC structures were issued in 1926 and since then standards have become available. The standards have been revised several times and requirements on durability have varied. Up to the early 1960’s, the durability requirements were relatively strict. From the early sixties until the mid eighties, the durability requirements were extremely liberal resulting in a rapid increase in deterioration. The main problem has been chlorides, mixed in or penetrated into the concrete, causing corrosion of the reinforcement steel. Development of durability requirements for RC structures in marine environment in the Norwegian Standards, in the Directorate of Public Roads Codes, and in the Regulations from the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate are presented briefly. The correlation between the changing requirements and the degree of deterioration is discussed.