Title: Dry-Mix Coarse-Aggregate Shotcrete as Underground Support

Author(s): Helmut G. Kobler

Publication: Symposium Paper

Volume: 14

Issue:

Appears on pages(s): 33-58

Keywords:

DOI: 10.14359/6803

Date: 3/1/1978

Abstract:
Experience with dry-mix coarse-aggregate shotcrete, applied in layers up to about 6 in. thick, has proved it structurally adequate for both temporary and permanent underground support. Recommended ingredients, mix proportioning, and application techniques are explained, and mixing and placing devices are described in some detail. Recommendations for testing and quality control pro-cedures are outlined. How coarse-aggregate shotcrete meets requirements for various types of tunnel work is shown with details of its use on specific projects. Cost is compared with that of conventional tunnel support media.