Title:
Air Entrainment and Resistance to Freezing and Thawing
Author(s):
E. W. Scripture, Jr., S. W. Benedict, and F. J. Litwinowicz
Publication:
Journal Proceedings
Volume:
48
Issue:
12
Appears on pages(s):
297-308
Keywords:
no keywords
DOI:
10.14359/11885
Date:
12/1/1951
Abstract:
Investigations were undertaken to determine the suitability of various air-entraining agents for use in concrete, the relative effects of slow and rapid cycles of freezing and thawing, and the optimum range of air contents for concrete. With normal air-entraining agents the resistance to freezing and thawing varies mainly with the air content, not with the particular agent used. A rapid freezing and thawing cycle is considerably more destructive than a slow cycle, and abnormal results appear to be produced in some cases by a very fast cycle. With increasing entrained air resistance to freezing and thawing increases to a maximum and thereafter no further benefit appears to be secured. The optimum amount seems to be about 2 1/2 to 3 percent added entrained air.