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International Concrete Abstracts Portal

Showing 1-5 of 13 Abstracts search results

Document: 

SP136-11

Date: 

January 1, 1993

Author(s):

R. N. Swamy and E. D. Jiang

Publication:

Symposium Papers

Volume:

136

Abstract:

The problem of concrete deterioration and its durability has become a matter of great concern to everyone involved in the construction industry. Carbonation and chloride ingress are the two major sources of deterioration, and the penetration of both is influenced by the pore structure of the concrete. Paper presents data on pore structure, carbonation depths, and the interrelationship between the two in structural lightweight concrete after 10 years' outdoor exposure in an industrially polluted area. The concrete was made with expanded slate aggregate using either all lightweight aggregates or with part of the lightweight fines replaced by sand. Both cement content and water-cement ratios were varied. The results showed that the total pore volume was influenced by both the water-cement ratio and fine aggregate content of the concrete. The total pore volume was higher for concretes containing all lightweight fines than for concrete with part replacement of fines by sand. However, for a given pore volume, carbonation was higher for the concretes containing sand than for concrete containing all lightweight aggregates. This phenomenon is explained in terms of the pore structure of the concrete, and a pore structure characteristics parameter is introduced to correlate carbonation with pore volume.

DOI:

10.14359/4012

Document: 

SP136

Date: 

January 1, 1993

Author(s):

Editors: Thomas A. Holm and Alexander M. Vaysburd / Sponsored by: ACI Committee 213

Publication:

Symposium Papers

Volume:

136

Abstract:

This compilation of 12 papers addresses the performance of structural lightweight concrete, with topics ranging from fundamental laboratory studies to case histories of concrete performance. Note: The individual papers are also available as .pdf downloads.. Please click on the following link to view the papers available, or call 248.848.3800 to order. SP136

DOI:

10.14359/14168

Document: 

SP136-05

Date: 

January 1, 1993

Author(s):

James E. Roberts

Publication:

Symposium Papers

Volume:

136

Abstract:

Describes the use of expanded shale lightweight concrete for both older bridge widenings and new bridge construction on the California State Highway System in the past 30 years. Examples of major projects illustrate the durability and reliability of a properly designed and constructed lightweight aggregate bridge. Cost comparisons of lightweight aggregate structures bid in competition with structural steel and normal weight concrete alternative structures highlight the economic viability of this material. The outstanding performance of these lightweight bridges under heavy traffic and the close competition in bidding suggests that lightweight aggregate is a material that should be considered in future bridge designs, especially in earthquake country, where dead load is such an important factor in seismic design. The known consistent creep, shrinkage, and modulus properties of lightweight aggregate remove any doubts about performance, as certain structures have demonstrated. Industry advances in controlling moisture content have reduced considerably the handling and finishing problems of earlier years.

DOI:

10.14359/4240

Document: 

SP136-09

Date: 

January 1, 1993

Author(s):

T. W. Bremner, T. A. Holm, and J. M. McInerney

Publication:

Symposium Papers

Volume:

136

Abstract:

The effect of stress on the nitrogen gas permeability of structural lightweight concrete was determined using cylindrical hollow concrete specimens loaded in axial compression at the same time that a nitrogen pressure differential was maintained across the cylinder wall. The nitrogen gas flow rate across the cylinder wall was noted and concrete permeability was measuredas the load increased. Flow rates tended to remain constant up to a critical stress corresponding to the onset of unstable crack propagation, at which time the flow rate increased rapidly. Rapid increases in permeability occurred at lower levels of applied stress-to-strength ratio with normal weight concrete than with lightweight concrete.

DOI:

10.14359/4269

Document: 

SP136-02

Date: 

January 1, 1993

Author(s):

George C. Hoff

Publication:

Symposium Papers

Volume:

136

Abstract:

Second of a three-part paper presents the results of a joint industry project to develop high-strength lightweight aggregate concretes for use in the Arctic and describes the mechanical properties of those concretes. Both crushed and pelletized lightweight aggregates were used with supplementary cementing materials and high-range water reducers to produce concretes with compressive strengths from 8000 to 11,000 psi (55 to 76 MPa). Other properties evaluated included modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio, splitting tensile strength, modulus of rupture, drying shrinkage, creep, seawater absorption, chloride ion permeability, thermal properties, air-void systems, freezing and thawing behavior, ice abrasion resistance, and adfreeze bond behavior. The effects of low temperatures on many of these properties were also evaluated. Special tests were developed to approximate Arctic conditions for freezing and thawing behavior, ice abrasion, and adfreeze bond strength.

DOI:

10.14359/4010

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