Title:
Ultra-low Dosages of Novel Graphene Types Enhance the Rheological, Buildability, and Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Binders
Author(s):
Sahil Surehali
Publication:
Web Session
Volume:
ws_S26_SahilSurehali.pdf
Issue:
Appears on pages(s):
Keywords:
DOI:
Date:
3/29/2026
Abstract:
Incorporating graphene as a high-performance additive in concrete offers significant advantages; however, challenges related to cost, production scalability, and dispersion efficiency hinder its widespread adoption. This study examines the influence of ultra-low dosages (=0.02% by binder mass) of two novel graphene variants—fractal graphene (FG) and reactive graphene (RG)—manufactured through a cost-efficient, eco-friendly, and scalable detonation-based process, on the rheological and mechanical characteristics of 3D-printable concrete. FG and RG contribute to notable improvements in dynamic and static yield stresses and viscoelastic properties, with RG-modified mixtures displaying enhanced effects due to functionalized surface groups. The evolution of static yield stress (ts) and storage modulus (G’) provides insights into structural build-up mechanisms enabled by graphene particles, which are crucial for extrusion and shape retention. Experimental buildability tests on hollow cylindrical specimens indicate that the ultra-low graphene dosages more than double the maximum achievable build heights. Finally, the effects of ultra-low dosages of FG and RG on the hardened properties, specifically on compressive and flexural strength, are described to elucidate the improvements in mechanical properties due to graphene nanoparticles. Overall, FG and RG enable improved rheological properties and buildability, allowing for reduced cement content while maintaining or improving mechanical performance. Additionally, the cost-effective and environmentally friendly detonation synthesis process used for FG and RG significantly lowers the material's global warming potential (GWP) and energy demand. Therefore, FG and RG present a potential to develop high-performance 3D printable cement-based mixtures while meeting the rheological and printability requirements and enhancing structural integrity and material efficiency.