Title:
Development of Modified Double-Punch Test for Quality-Control Testing of UHPC Tensile Performance
Author(s):
Megan S. Voss, Daniel Alabi, Raid S. Alrashidi, Taylor A. Rawlinson, Christopher C. Ferraro, H. R. Hamilton, Joel B. Harley, and Kyle A. Riding
Publication:
Symposium Paper
Volume:
363
Issue:
Appears on pages(s):
38-59
Keywords:
tensile testing, UHPC, double-punch, fiber-reinforced, toughness, quality control
DOI:
10.14359/51742106
Date:
7/1/2024
Abstract:
The movement of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) toward wide scale acceptance within the concrete industry has generated interest in developing improved test methods to provide quality assurance for this material. Most test methods currently used to measure the tensile behavior of ultra-high-performance concrete require specialized testing equipment that is not typically owned by precast or ready-mix production facilities. These test methods provide reliable data for quality assurance of newly developed concrete mixes, but they are impractical as quality-control tests, which would need to be performed for every UHPC placement. This paper presents the development of a simple and inexpensive test to measure tensile strength and ductility for UHPC and serve as a quality-control test. This method was developed from the double-punch test, commonly referred to as the “Barcelona test,” but has been revised to incorporate substantial changes to the loading and data collection requirements to eliminate the need for expensive, specialized equipment. It was determined that the modified test method could produce reliable results using a load-controlled testing procedure with manually recorded data points taken every 0.635 mm (0.025 inches) of vertical displacement for ductile concrete specimens. It was also determined that specimen surface grinding, loading rate, and punch alignment did not significantly influence the test results. However, the fabrication of the specimens, specifically the rate and method at which the molds were filled, had a significant effect on the results. Accordingly, any recommended standardized test method based off of this procedure should have requirements on specimen fabrication.
Related References:
1. ASTM C1856, “Standard Practice for Fabricating and Testing Specimens of Ultra-High PerformanceConcrete.” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017. doi: 10.1520/C1856_C1856M-17
2. V. Perry, D. Dykstra, P. Murray, and B. Rajlic, “Innovative Field Cast UHPC Joints for Precast BridgeSystems - 3-span Live Load Continuous,” in Conference Proceedings of the 2010 Annual Conference of theTransportation Association of Canada, 2010, p. Bridges-Adjusting to New Realities (A) Session.
3. A. M. Matos, S. Nunes, and J. L. Barroso Aguiar, “Capillary Transport of Water in Cracked and Non-crackedUHPFRC Specimens,” Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, vol. 17, pp. 244–259, 2019.
4. Z. Haber, I. De la Varga, B. Graybeal, B. Nakashoji, and R. El-Helou, “Properties and Behavior of UHPC-Class Materials,” 2018.
5. ASTM C496, “Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens.”ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017. doi: 10.1520/C0496_C0496M-17
6. B. Graybeal and F. Baby, “Development of Direct Tension Test Method for Ultra-High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete,” ACI Materials Journal, vol. 110, no. 2, pp. 177–186, 2013.
7. ASTM C1609, “Standard Test Method for Flexural Performance of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (Using BeamWith Third-Point Loading).” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2019. doi:10.1520/C1609_C1609M-19A.
8. ASTM C78, “Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-PointLoading),” West Conchohocken, PA, United States, Jan. 2018.
9. K. Wille and G. J. Parra-Montesinos, “Effect of Beam Size, Casting Method, and Support Conditions onFlexural Behavior of Ultra-High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete,” ACI Materials Journal, vol. 109,pp. 379–388, 2012.
10. ASTM C1812/C1812M, “Standard Practice for Design of Journal Bearing Supports to be Used in FiberReinforced Concrete Beam Tests,” West Conshohocken, PA, 2015.
11. W. F. Chen and T. A. Colgrove, “Double-punch test for tensile strength of concrete,” Committee onMechanical Properties of Concrete, pp. 43–50, 1973.
12. UNE 83515, “Fiber Reinforced Concrete. Determination of Cracking Strength, Ductility and Residual TensileStrength. Barcelona Test.” Asoc. Española Norm. Y Certificación, 2010.
13. C. Molins, A. Aguado, and S. Saludes, “Double Punch Test to control the energy dissipation in tension ofFRC (Barcelona test),” Materials and Structures, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 415–425, 2009.
14. V. Sarfarazi and W. Schubert, “Numerical simulation of tensile failure of concrete in direct, flexural, doublepunch tensile and ring tests,” Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 176–183, 2017.
15. ASTM E1169, “Standard Practice for Conducting Ruggedness Tests.” ASTM International, WestConshohocken, PA, 2018. doi: 10.1520/E1169-18
16. ASTM C595, “Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements.” ASTM International, WestConshohocken, PA, 2019. doi: 10.1520/C0595_C0595M-19
17. ASTM C989, “Standard Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars.” ASTMInternational, West Conshohocken, PA, 2018. doi: 10.1520/C0989_C0989M-18A
18. ASTM C1240, “Standard Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious Mixtures.” ASTM International,West Conshohocken, PA, 2020. doi: 10.1520/C1240-20
19. ASTM C511, “Standard Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Wataer StorageTanks Used in the Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes.” ASTM International, West Conchohocken,PA, United States, 2021.
20. D. Choumanidis, E. Badogiannis, P. Nomikos, and A. Sofianos, “Barcelona test for the evaluation of themechanical properties of single and hybrid FRC, exposed to elevated temperature,” Construction and BuildingMaterials, vol. 138, pp. 296–305, May 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.115
21. P. Pujadas, A. Blanco, S. Cavalaro, A. De La Fuente, and A. Aguado, “New analytical model to generalizethe Barcelona test using axial displacement,” Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, vol. 19, no. 2,pp. 259–271, Apr. 2013, doi: 10.3846/13923730.2012.756425
22. E. Galeote, A. Blanco, S. H. P. Cavalaro, and A. de la Fuente, “Correlation between the Barcelona test andthe bending test in fibre reinforced concrete,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 152, pp. 529–538,Oct. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.028
23. L. de C. R. Simão, A. B. Nogueira, R. Monte, R. P. Salvador, and A. D. de Figueiredo, “Influence of theinstability of the double punch test on the post-crack response of fiber-reinforced concrete,” Construction andBuilding Materials, vol. 217, pp. 185–192, 2019.
24. R. L. Plackett and J. P. Burman, “The Design of Optimum Multifactorial Experiments,” Biometrika, vol. 33,pp. 305–325, 1946.
25. M. S. Voss, K. A. Riding, R. S. Alrashidi, C. C. Ferraro, and H. R. Hamilton, “Comparison between DirectTension, Four-Point Flexure, and Simplified Double-Punch Tests for UHPC Tensile Behavior,” Journal ofMaterials in Civil Engineering, vol. 34, no. 9, Sep. 2022, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0004371