Title:
Design Formulas for FRCM Strengthened Masonry Elements Under Compression or Shear Load
Author(s):
Maria Antonietta Aiello and Alessio Cascardi
Publication:
Symposium Paper
Volume:
345
Issue:
Appears on pages(s):
143-155
Keywords:
FRCM, confinement, shear, masonry, durability.
DOI:
10.14359/51731577
Date:
2/1/2021
Abstract:
The increasing interest in the field of conservation of existing masonry structures pushed to the development of new retrofitting technologies in the recent past. One of the most promising is the use of Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Mortar (FRCM), which consists of an open-grid within an inorganic matrix. The effectiveness of the
FRCM-application is well-demonstrated in literature by several experimental investigations regarding different structural members, including columns and shear wall. The success of FRCMs is manly related to durability aspects, since the grid is generally non-metallic, the compatibility of the inorganic matrix with the substrates, the easy application, the low weight and spatial impact, the possible installation in damp areas and at high temperatures. The interaction between the substrate, the mortar-based matrix and the open-grid make challenging the theoretical prediction of the mechanical behavior of the FRCM-retrofitted structures. For this reason, the analytical formulations for the proper design of FRCM-strengthening are still an open research problem, referring to both short and long term conditions. The present paper reports and discusses design-oriented relationships for FRCM-confinement and in-plane FRCM-strengthening of masonry elements; the proposals are intended to satisfy the requirements of simplicity and accuracy needed for code-finality.
Related References:
1. ISCARSAH 2001: Recommendations for the Analysis and Restoration of Historical Structures. ISCARASH – International Committee on Analysis and Restoration of Structures of Architectural Heritage, ICOMOS - 2001.
2. Campione, G., Fossetti, M., Giacchino, C., & Minafò, G. (2014). RC columns externally strengthened with RC jackets. Materials and structures, 47(10), 1715-1728.
3. Krevaikas, T. D., and Triantafillou, T. (2005). “Masonry confinement with fiber-reinforced polymers.” J. Compos. Constr., 9 (2), 128–135.
4. Lignola GP, Angiuli R, Prota A, Aiello MA. FRP confinement of masonry: Analytical modeling. Mat Str 2014;47(12):2101-15.
5. Masia, M., Shrive, N. G., & Tilleman, D. (2001, June). Rehabilitation of masonry columns using carbon fiber wraps. In Proceedings of the 9th Canadian Masonry Symposium, Fredericton, NB (pp. 4-6).
6. Micelli, F., Galati, N., De Lorenzis, L., & La Tegola, A. (2001, June). Confinement of natural block masonry columns using fiber reinforced polymer rebars and laminates. In Proceedings of the 9th Canadian Masonry Symposium, Fredericton, NB (pp. 4-6).
7. Bieker, C., Seim, W., Stürz, J.; Post-Strengthening of Masonry Columns by use of Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (FRP), The Third International Conference on Composites in Infrastructure, June 10 - 12, San Francisco (2002).
8. Aiello, M. A., Micelli, F., and Valente, L. (2007). “Structural upgrading of masonry columns by using composite reinforcement.” J. Compos. Constr., 11(6) 650-658.
9. Corradi, M.; Borri, A.; Grazini, A. “Confinement of brick masonry columns with CFRP materials”. Composites Sci. Technol. 2007, 67, 1772-1783.
10. Di Ludovico M, Fusco E, Prota A, Manfredi G. Experimental behavior of masonry columns confined using advanced materials. In: The 14th world conference on earthquake engineering, October 12–17, 2008. Beijing, China; 2008.
11. Aiello, M. A., Micelli, F., and Valente, L. (2009). “FRP confinement of square masonry columns”. J. Compos. Constr., 148-158.
12. Alecci V, Briccoli Bati S, Ranocchiai G. Study of brick masonry columns confined with CFRP composite. ASCE J Compos Constr 2009;13(3):179–87.
13. Di Ludovico M, D’Ambra C, Prota A, Manfredi G. “FRP confinement of tuff and clay brick columns: Experimental study and assessment of analytical models”. ASCE J Compos Constr 2010;14(5):583–96.
14. Faella, C.; Martinelli, E.; Paciello, S.; Camorani, G.; Aiello, M.A.; Micelli, F.; Nigro, E. Masonry columns confined by composite materials: Experimental investigation. Compos. Part B 2011, 42, 692–704.
15. Faella E, Martinelli E, Paciello S, Camorani G, Aiello MA, Micelli F, et al. Masonry columns confined by composite materials: design formulae. Comp Part B Eng 2011;42:705-16.
16. Antonio Borri, Giulio Castori and Marco Corradi, “Masonry Columns Confined by Steel Fiber Composite Wraps”, Materials, 2011, 4, 311-326.
17. Micelli, F., Angiuli, R., Corvaglia, P., & Aiello, M. A. (2014). Passive and SMA-activated confinement of circular masonry columns with basalt and glass fibers composites. Composites Part B: Engineering, 67, 348-362.
18. K.S. Nanjunda Rao, G.S. Pavan. “FRP-Confined Clay Brick Masonry Assemblages under Axial Compression: Experimental and Analytical Investigations”. Journal of Composites for Construction 19(4):04014068 · August 2014.
19. Micelli, F.; Di Ludovico, M.; Balsamo, A.; Manfredi, G. Mechanical behavior of FRP-confined masonry by testing of full-scale columns. Mater. Struct. 2014, 47, 2081–2100.
20. Witzany, J., Čejka, T., & Zigler, R. (2014). Failure mechanism of compressed short brick masonry columns confined with FRP strips. Construction and Building Materials, 63, 180-188.
21. Valdés, Monica; Concu, Giovanna; De Nicolo, Barbara “FRP Strengthening of Masonry Columns: Experimental Tests and Theoretical Analysis” Key Engineering Materials Vol. 624 (2015) pp 603-610.
22. Incerti, A., Vasiliu, A., Ferracuti, B., Mazzotti, C. Uniaxial compressive tests on masonry columns confined by FRP and FRCM. 12th International Symposium on Fiber Reinforced Polymers for Reinforced Concrete Structures (FRPRCS-12) & The 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Fiber Reinforced Polymers in Structures (APFIS-2015) Joint Conference, Nanjing, China.
23. Minafò, G., D'Anna, J., Cucchiara, C., Monaco, A., & La Mendola, L. (2016). Analytical stress-strain law of FRP confined masonry in compression: Literature review and design provisions. Composites Part B: Engineering.
24. Witzany, J., & Zigler, R. (2016). Stress State Analysis and Failure Mechanisms of Masonry Columns Reinforced with FRP under Concentric Compressive Load. Polymers, 8(5), 176.
25. M. Fossetti, G. Minafò, C. Giacchino, “Experimental Investigation on the Compressive Behaviour of Clay Brick Masonry Columns Confined by BFRP or Steel Wires”, Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vol. 847, pp. 46-52, 2016.
26. Yilmaz, I., et al. “External confinement of Brick Masonry Columns with Open—Grid Basalt Reinforced Mortar.” Proceedings of the Fourth Asia-Pacific Conference on FRP in Structures (APFIS 2013), Melbourne, Australia. 2013.
27. Ombres, Luciano. “Confinement effectiveness in eccentrically loaded masonry columns strengthened by Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) jackets”. Key Engineering Materials. Vol. 624. Trans Tech Publications, 2015.
28. Carloni, Christian, et al. “Confinement of Masonry Columns with PBO FRCM Composites.” Key Engineering Materials 624 (2014).
29. Incerti, A., et al. “Uniaxial compressive tests on masonry columns confined by FRP and FRCM” Proc. 12th International Symposium on Fiber Reinforced Polymers for Reinforced Concrete Structures (FRPRPCS-12) & The 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Fiber Reinforced Polymers in Structures (APFIS-2015), Nanjing, China.
30. Theofanis, Krevaikas D. “Textile reinforced mortar system as a means for confinement of masonry structures.” Proc. In: the 12th International Symposium on Fiber Reinforced Polymers for Reinforced Concrete Structures (FRPRCS-12) & the 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Fiber Reinforced Polymers in Structures (APFIS-2015) Joint Conference, 14-16 December 2015, Nanjing, China
31. Fossetti, Marinella, and Giovanni Minafò. “Strengthening of Masonry Columns with BFRCM or with Steel Wires: An Experimental Study.” Fibers 4.2 (2016): 15.
32. Maddaloni, G., Cascardi, A., Balsamo, A., di Ludovico, M., Micelli, F., Aiello, M. A., and Prota, A. (2017). “Confinement of Full-Scale Masonry Columns with FRCM Systems.” Key Engineering Materials, 747(July), 374–381.
33. Santandrea, M., Quartarone, G., Carloni, C., and Gu, X. (2017). “Confinement of masonry columns with steel and basalt FRCM composites.” International Conference on Mechanics of Masonry Structures Strengthened with Composites Materials, MuRiCo5 2017.
34. Sneed, L. H., Carloni, C., Baietti, G., and Fraioli, G. (2017). “Confinement of Clay Masonry Columns with SRG.” Key Engineering Materials, 747, 350–357.
35. Cascardi, A., Micelli, F., and Aiello, M. A. (2018). “FRCM-confined masonry columns: experimental investigation on the effect of the inorganic matrix properties.” Construction and Building Materials, Elsevier Ltd, 186, 811–825.
36. Minafò, G., and La Mendola, L. (2018). “Experimental investigation on the effect of mortar grade on the compressive behaviour of FRCM confined masonry columns.” Composites Part B: Engineering, Elsevier, 146(March), 1–12.
37. Mezrea, P., Yilmaz, I., Ispir, M., Binbir, E., Bal, I., and Ilki, A. (2016). “External Jacketing of Unreinforced Historical Masonry Piers with Open-Grid Basalt-Reinforced Mortar.” J. Compos. Constr., 04016110, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000770
38. Ombres, L., & Verre, S. (2020). Analysis of the Behavior of FRCM Confined Clay Brick Masonry Columns. Fibers, 8(2), 11. doi: 10.3390/fib8020011
39. Guler, S., & Ashour, A. (2015). Review of current design guidelines for circular FRP-wrapped plain concrete cylinders. Journal of Composites for Construction, 20(2), 04015057.
40. Cascardi, A., Aiello, M. A., & Triantafillou, T. (2017). Analysis-oriented model for concrete and masonry confined with fiber reinforced mortar. Materials and Structures, 50(4), 202.
41. Cascardi, A., Longo, F., Micelli, F., & Aiello, M. A. (2017). Compressive strength of confined column with Fiber Reinforced Mortar (FRM): New design-oriented-models. Construction and Building Materials, 156, 387-401.
42. CNR-DT 215/2018 (2018). “Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded Fibre Reinforced Inorganic Matrix Systems for Strengthening Existing Structures”, National Research Council, Rome, Italy. 2018.
43. C.S.LL.PP. (2009). “Circolare 2 febbraio 2009 n. 617 - Istruzioni per l’applicazione delle nuove norme tecniche per le costruzioni di cui al decreto ministeriale 14 gennaio 2008. Supplemento ordinario n. 27 alla Gazzetta Ufficiale 26 febbraio 2009.” 47, 229–392. In Italian.
44. Corradi, M., Borri, A., Castori, G., & Sisti, R. (2014). Shear strengthening of wall panels through jacketing with cement mortar reinforced by GFRP grids. Composites Part B: Engineering, 64, 33-42.
45. Gattesco, N., Boem, I., & Dudine, A. (2015). Diagonal compression tests on masonry walls strengthened with a GFRP mesh reinforced mortar coating. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 13(6), 1703-1726.
46. Micelli F., Sciolti M.S., Leone M., Aiello M.A. and Dudine A. (2016) “Shear behaviour of Fiber Reinforced Mortar strengthened masonry walls built with limestone blocks and hydraulic mortar”, IBMAC 2016 Proceedings of the “16th International Brick and Block Masonry Conference - Masonry in a world
of challenges”, Padua, Italy, June 26 - 30, 2016.
47. Matsumura, A. (1987), “Shear Strength of Reinforced Hollow Unit Masonry Walls”, 4th North American Masonry Conference, Los Angeles, California, USA, August 16- 19.
48. Shing, P. B., Schuller, M., & Hoskere, V. S. (1990). In-plane resistance of reinforced masonry shear walls. Journal of Structural Engineering, 116(3), 619-640.
49. Anderson, D.L. and Priestley, M.J.N. (1992), “In Plane Shear Resistance of Masonry Walls”, Proceedings of the 6th Canadian Masonry Symposium, June 15-17, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, P223-234.
50. Gattesco N. and Boem I. Experimental and analytical study to evaluate the effectiveness of an in-plane reinforcement for masonry walls using GRFP meshes. Construction and Building Materials 88 (2015) 94–104.
51. Cascardi A, Micelli F and Aiello M A. Analytical model based on artificial neural network for masonry shear walls strengthened with FRM systems. Composites Part B: Engineering, Volume 95, 15 June 2016, Pages 252–263.
52. Sciolti, M.S., Micelli, F., Dudine, A., Aiello, M.A. (2018). “In plane shear behavior of calcareous masonry panels strengthened by FRCM”. American Concrete Institute, ACI Special Publication 2017-March (SP 324).
53. A. Balsamo, D. Asprone, I. Iovinella, G. Maddaloni, C. Menna, A. Prota, F. Ceroni and A. Zinno. Effectiveness of inorganic matrix–grid composites for strengthening masonry walls. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Brick and Block Masonry Conference, Padua, June 2016.
54. Corradi, M., Sisti, R., & Borri, A. (2018). Effect of thin cement-based renders on the structural response of masonry wall panels. Applied Sciences, 8(1), 98.