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Title: Controlled Low-Strength Materials Composed Solely of By-Products

Author(s): Ceki Halmen and Harsh Shah

Publication: Materials Journal

Volume: 112

Issue: 2

Appears on pages(s): 239-246

Keywords: compressive strength; controlled low-strength material (CLSM); flow; freezing-and-thawing resistance; gypsum; quarry fines; synthetic setting time

DOI: 10.14359/51686987

Date: 3/1/2015

Abstract:
A series of low-cost controlled low-strength materials (CLSMs)mixtures were produced without cement, using only by-products, including Class C fly ash, large quantities of limestone quarry fines, and synthetic gypsum. Flow, setting time, compressive strength, elastic modulus, and freezing-and-thawing resistance of mixtures were evaluated. Results indicated that CLSM mixtures solely comprised of by-products can be designed to provide a wide range of flow, setting time, and strength values. Obtained flow values varied between 200 and 600 mm (8 and 24 in.), setting time varied between a couple of hours and a day, and strength values varied between 237.4 and 9932 kPa (34.4 and 1440.5 psi). The maximum measured mass loss after 12 freezing-and-thawing cycles was 8%. Results showed that the addition of synthetic gypsum significantly improved strength and freezing-and-thawing resistance of mixtures.