Title:
Characterizing Continuous Curing and Compressive Piezoresistive Stress and Strain Behavior of Smart Cement Modified with Inorganic and Organic Additives and the Performances Predicted using Vipulanandan Models
Author(s):
C. Vipulanandan
Publication:
Symposium Paper
Volume:
369
Issue:
Appears on pages(s):
114-130
Keywords:
Smart cement, Electrical resistivity, Sodium meta silicate (SMS), Acetone formaldehyde sulfite (AFS), Curing, Compression, Piezoresistive Behavior, Vipulanandan Models.
DOI:
10.14359/51750726
Date:
5/1/2026
Abstract:
Recently highly sensing smart cements, for both oil well cements and Portland cements, have been developed. Based on the new electrical characterization method electrical resistivity was identified as the critical property of the cement to monitor during curing (changing from slurry to solid) and also in-service (solid). In this study 0.3% of sodium meta silicate (SMS), inorganic additive to reduce amount of cement in the cement slurry and a dispersant (acetone formaldehyde sulfite--AFS), organic additive to reduce the amount of water in the cement slurry were selected and used to modify the smart cement. With the addition of 0.3% SMS to the cement slurry with water-cement ratio of 0.4 the initial resistivity (immediately after mixing) reduced from 0.97 Ωm to 0.88 Ωm, about 9.3% reduction. The compressive strength after 28 days of curing reduced from 36.23 MPa to 34.68 MPa, a 4% reduction and the piezoresistive modulus increased by 166%. The piezoresistive strain at peak compressive stress reduced from 315% to 148%, a 53% reduction with the addition of 0.3% SMS. With the addition of 0.3% AFS to the cement slurry with water-to-cement ratio of 0.38 the initial resistivity reduced from 1.08 Ωm to 0.83 Ωm, about 23% reduction. The compressive strength after 28 days of curing increased from 30.1 MPa to 37.7 MPa, a 25% increase with the addition of 0.3% AFS) (clear indication from higher resistivity index (RI24) – higher chemical reactions) but the piezoresistive modulus decreased by 26%. The piezoresistive strain at peak compressive stress increased from 164% to 184%, a 12% increase with the addition of 0.3% AFS. The curing of smart cement with the additives were predicted using the Vipulanandan Curing Model. Vipulanandan stress- piezoresistive axial strain model predicted the compressive stress-piezoresistive strain relationships very well.
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