Title:
Development of Bauxite Residue and Class F Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete
Author(s):
Dena Shalaby, Émilie Garneau, Mathieu Fiset, Joao Augusto Lago Araujo Seixas, Ahmed Rahem
Publication:
Symposium Paper
Volume:
362
Issue:
Appears on pages(s):
585-593
Keywords:
alkali activated materials, alternative binders, bauxite residue, recycled materials
DOI:
10.14359/51741013
Date:
6/14/2024
Abstract:
The Production of Portland cement used in concrete and the large amount of industrial waste generated worldwide represent critical environmental and economic issues. The reuse of bauxite residue generated during alumina production by Bayer’s process to replace Portland cement and produce sustainable and environmentally friendly geopolymer concrete is a promising solution. This paper presents the development and characterization of bauxite residue and class F fly ash-based geopolymer mortar and concrete. The parameters studied for the mixture proportions are the bauxite residue to class F fly ash ratio, the water-to-binder ratio, and the curing condition, in terms of duration and temperature. Then, the compressive strength of the geopolymer mortar and concrete is characterized with experimental tests. Results show that, with appropriate mixture proportions and curing conditions, a large amount of bauxite residue (up to 70%) can be used to replace fly ash and obtain geopolymer concrete with improved quality characteristics that meet the construction field’s sustainable development criteria.
Related References:
[1] Institute IA. Opportunities for use of bauxite residue in special cements. 2020. p. 50.
[2] Archambo MS. New Horizons for Processing and Utilizing Red Mud: Michigan Technological University; 2021.
[3] Duxson P, Fernández-Jiménez A, Provis JL, Lukey GC, Palomo A, van Deventer JS. Geopolymer technology: the current state of the art. Journal of materials science. 2007;42:2917-33.
[4] Kamseu E, Alzari V, Nuvoli D, Sanna D, Lancellotti I, Mariani A et al. Dependence of the geopolymerization process and end-products to the nature of solid precursors: Challenge of the sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021;278:123587.
[5] Hassan A, Arif M, Shariq M. Use of geopolymer concrete for a cleaner and sustainable environment–A review of mechanical properties and microstructure. Journal of cleaner production. 2019;223:704-28.
[6] Wang S, Jin H, Deng Y, Xiao Y. Comprehensive utilization status of red mud in China: A critical review. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021;289:125136.
[7] Hu W, Nie Q, Huang B, Shu X, He Q. Mechanical and microstructural characterization of geopolymers derived from red mud and fly ashes. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018;186:799-806.
[8] El-Gass H, Fiset M, Simard G. Formulation d’un mortier géopolymère conducteur à base de résidus de bauxite. Université du Québec à Chicoutimi; 2020. p. 45.
[9] Li Y, Min X, Ke Y, Liu D, Tang C. Preparation of red mud-based geopolymer materials from MSWI fly ash and red mud by mechanical activation. Waste Management. 2019;83:202-8.
[10] Li Y, Liu X, Li Z, Ren Y, Wang Y, Zhang W. Preparation, characterization and application of red mud, fly ash and desulfurized gypsum based eco-friendly road base materials. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021;284:124777.
[11] Kumar A, Kumar S. Development of paving blocks from synergistic use of red mud and fly ash using geopolymerization. Construction and building Materials. 2013;38:865-71.
[12] Kim SY, Jun Y, Jeon D, Oh JE. Synthesis of structural binder for red brick production based on red mud and fly ash activated using Ca (OH) 2 and Na2CO3. Construction and Building Materials. 2017;147:101-16.
[13] Chen X, Guo Y, Ding S, Zhang H, Xia F, Wang J et al. Utilization of red mud in geopolymer-based pervious concrete with function of adsorption of heavy metal ions. Journal of cleaner production. 2019;207:789-800.
[14] Tang W, Wang Z, Liu Y, Cui H. Influence of red mud on fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete. Construction and Building Materials. 2018;178:288-300.
[15] Hardjito D, Wallah SE, Sumajouw DM, Rangan BV. On the development of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. ACI Materials Journal. 2004;101:467-72.
[16] Hardjito D, Rangan BV. Development and properties of low-calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. Curtin University of Technology; 2005. p. 103.
[17] Hardjito D, Wallah SE, Sumajouw D, Rangan B. Properties of geopolymer concrete with fly ash as source material: effect of mixture composition. ACI Special Publication. 2004;222:109-18.
[18] A23.1-14/A23.2-14 C. Concrete materials and methods of concrete construction / Test methods and standard practices for concrete. CSA Group; 2014. p. 690.
[19] Shalaby D. Développement d’un béton géopolymère à base de résidu de bauxite et de cendre volante pour des éléments architecturaux: Université du Québec à Chicoutimi; 2023.
[20] fib. fib Model Code for Concrete Structures 2010. fédération internationale du béton: Ernst and Sohn; 2013.
[21] ACI-318. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-14). Farmington Hills: American Concrete Institute; 2014. p. 520.
[22] CSA-A23.3. Design of Concrete Structures. Toronto, ON: Canadian Standards Association 2019. p. 301.
[23] Zhuang XY, Chen L, Komarneni S, Zhou CH, Tong DS, Yang HM et al. Fly ash-based geopolymer: clean production, properties and applications. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2016;125:253-67.
[24] Sofi M, Van Deventer J, Mendis P, Lukey G. Engineering properties of inorganic polymer concretes (IPCs). Cement and concrete research. 2007;37:251-7.
[25] Sofi M, Van Deventer J, Mendis P, Lukey G. Bond performance of reinforcing bars in inorganic polymer concrete (IPC). Journal of Materials Science. 2007;42:3107-16.
[26] Lee B, Kim G, Kim R, Cho B, Lee S, Chon C-M. Strength development properties of geopolymer paste and mortar with respect to amorphous Si/Al ratio of fly ash. Construction and Building Materials. 2017;151:512-9.
[27] Nath P, Sarker PK. Flexural strength and elastic modulus of ambient-cured blended low-calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete. Construction and Building Materials. 2017;130:22-31.
[28] Fernandez-Jimenez AM, Palomo A, Lopez-Hombrados C. Engineering properties of alkali-activated fly ash concrete. ACI Materials Journal. 2006;103:106.
[29] Rangan BV, Hardjito D, Wallah SE, Sumajouw D. Studies on fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. Proceedings of the world congress geopolymer, Saint Quentin, France; 2005. p. 133-7.
[30] Assi LN, Deaver EE, Ziehl P. Effect of source and particle size distribution on the mechanical and microstructural properties of fly Ash-Based geopolymer concrete. Construction and Building Materials. 2018;167:372-80.
[31] Assi LN, Carter K, Deaver E, Ziehl P. Review of availability of source materials for geopolymer/sustainable concrete. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020;263:121477.