Title:
Structural Geopolymer Mortars with Maximum Amounts of Construction and Demolition Wastes
Author(s):
Gultekin Ozan Ucal, Hocine Siad, Mohamed Lachemi, Obaid Mahmoodi, Mustafa Sahmaran
Publication:
Symposium Paper
Volume:
362
Issue:
Appears on pages(s):
81-96
Keywords:
geopolymer mortars; construction and demolition wastes; recycled aggregates; dimensional stability; mechanical strengths
DOI:
10.14359/51740876
Date:
6/5/2024
Abstract:
The ecological and health issues of construction and demolition waste (CDW) accumulation, as well as the depletion of virgin raw materials from the increased use of concrete are pushing the drive for the reuse of this waste in more construction-related applications. The objective of this study is to investigate the production of geopolymer mortars (GM) prepared with maximum amounts of CDW materials such as concrete, red clay bricks, and ceramic tiles, along with smaller contents of supplementary cementitious materials like Fly ash C, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, and metakaolin. The study also examined the effects of concrete waste aggregates (CWA) on the flowability and compressive strengths of GM prepared with CDW- binders and exposed to three exposure conditions of ambient environment, water immersion, and high temperature. An algorithmic mixture design method was used to determine the ideal composition ratios of silica oxide to alumina oxide, sodium oxide to silica oxide, and liquid to solid binders. Although the use of concrete waste aggregates resulted in lower compressive strengths compared to silica sand and natural sand, it was possible to achieve appropriate structural strengths and dimensional stability for highly sustainable mortars combining both CDW-binders and CWA-aggregates.
Related References:
1. Adesina A. Recent advances in the concrete industry to reduce its carbon dioxide emissions. Environmental Challenges. 2020 Dec 1; 1:100004.
2. Mahmoodi O, Siad H, Lachemi M, Şahmaran M. Comparative life cycle assessment analysis of mono, binary and ternary construction and demolition wastes-based geopolymer binders. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2023 Jun 8.
3. Yang KH, Tae SH, Choi DU. Mixture Proportioning Approach for Low-CO^ sub 2^ Concrete Using Supplementary Cementitious Materials. ACI Materials Journal. 2016 Jul 1;113(4):533.
4. Naqi A, Jang JG. Recent progress in green cement technology utilizing low-carbon emission fuels and raw materials: A review. Sustainability. 2019 Jan 21;11(2):537.
5. Mahmoodi O, Siad H, Lachemi M, Dadsetan S, Şahmaran M. Extensive rheological evaluation of geopolymer mortars incorporating maximum amounts of recycled concrete as precursors and aggregates. Construction and Building Materials. 2023 Aug 1; 390:131801.
6. Dadsetan S, Siad H, Lachemi M, Mahmoodi O, Şahmaran M. Geopolymer binders containing construction and demolition waste. InHandbook of Sustainable Concrete and Industrial Waste Management 2022 Jan 1 (pp. 437-474). Woodhead Publishing.
7. Ozcelikci E, Yildirim G, Siad H, Lachemi M, Sahmaran M. Characterization and standardization of different-origin end-of-life building materials toward assessment of circularity performance. Magazine of Concrete Research. 2023 Sep 8:1-31.
8. Mahmoodi O, Siad H, Lachemi M, Şahmaran M. Effects of mono and binary recycled aggregates on the rheological properties of geopolymer mortars synthesized with construction and demolition waste-based binders. Journal of Building Engineering. 2023 Aug 12:107545.
9. Tam VW, Soomro M, Evangelista AC. A review of recycled aggregate in concrete applications (2000–2017). Construction and Building materials. 2018 May 30; 172:272-92.
10. Mahmoodi O, Siad H, Lachemi M, Dadsetan S, Şahmaran M. Optimized application of ternary brick, ceramic and concrete wastes in sustainable high strength geopolymers. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2022 Mar 1; 338:130650.
11. Hwang CL, Yehualaw MD, Vo DH, Huynh TP, Largo A. Performance evaluation of alkali activated mortar containing high volume of waste brick powder blended with ground granulated blast furnace slag cured at ambient temperature. Construction and Building Materials. 2019 Oct 30; 223:657-67.
12. Dadsetan S, Siad H, Lachemi M, Sahmaran M. Construction and demolition waste in geopolymer concrete technology: a review. Magazine of Concrete Research. 2019 Dec;71(23):1232-52.
13. Bianchini G, Ristovski I, Milcov I, Zupac A, Natali C, Salani GM, Marchina C, Brombin V, Ferraboschi A. Chemical characterisation of construction and demolition waste in Skopje City and its surroundings (Republic of Macedonia). Sustainability. 2020 Mar 7;12(5):2055.
14. Mahmoodi O, Siad H, Lachemi M, Sahmaran M. Effects of Chemical Parameters on the Fresh State Properties of CDW-Based Geopolymer Systems. InCanadian Society of Civil Engineering Annual Conference 2021 May 26 (pp. 107-120). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
15. Dadsetan S, Siad H, Lachemi M, Mahmoodi O, Sahmaran M. Development of ambient cured geopolymer binders based on brick waste and processed glass waste. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2022 Nov;29(53):80755-74.
16. Reig L, Tashima MM, Borrachero MV, Monzó J, Cheeseman CR, Payá J. Properties and microstructure of alkaliactivated red clay brick waste. Construction and Building Materials. 2013 Jun 1; 43:98-106.
17. Tuyan M, Andiç-Çakir Ö, Ramyar K. Effect of alkali activator concentration and curing condition on strength and microstructure of waste clay brick powder-based geopolymer. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2018 Feb 15; 135:242-52.
18. ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), Standard Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves, ASTM E11-20, West Conshohocken, PA.
19. ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete, ASTM C618 2012A, West Conshohocken, PA.
20. ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), Standard specification for slag cement for use in concrete and mortars, ASTM C989 2018, West Conshohocken, PA.
21. ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), Standard Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement, ASTM C188-17, West Conshohocken, PA.
22. ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates, ASTM C33/C33M-18, West Conshohocken, PA.
23. ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), Standard Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of Fine Aggregate, ASTM C128-22, West Conshohocken, PA.
24. ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), Standard Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar, ASTM C1437-20, West Conshohocken, PA.
25. ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), Standard Specification for Flow Table for Use in Tests of Hydraulic Cement, ASTM C230/C230M-20, West Conshohocken, PA.
26. ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens), West Conshohocken, PA.
27. Mahmoodi O, Siad H, Lachemi M, Dadsetan S, Sahmaran M. Development of normal and very high strength geopolymer binders based on concrete waste at ambient environment. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021 Jan 10; 279:123436.
28. Dadsetan S, Siad H, Lachemi M, Sahmaran M. Extensive evaluation on the effect of glass powder on the rheology, strength, and microstructure of metakaolin-based geopolymer binders. Construction and Building Materials. 2021 Jan 25; 268:121168.
29. Mehdipour I, Khayat KH. Elucidating how particle packing controls rheology and strength development of dense cementitious suspensions. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2019 Nov 1; 104:103413.
30. Amario M, Pepe M, Rangel CS, Toledo Filho RD. Analytical tool for assessment of the rheological behavior of recycled aggregate concrete. Construction and Building Materials. 2021 Nov 22; 309:125166. 31. Li B, Hou S, Duan Z, Li L, Guo W. Rheological behavior and compressive strength of concrete made with recycled fine aggregate of different size range. Construction and Building Materials. 2021 Jan 25; 268:121172.
32. Mahmoodi O, Siad H, Lachemi M, Sahmaran M. Synthesis and optimization of binary systems of brick and concrete wastes geopolymers at ambient environment. Construction and Building Materials. 2021 Mar 22; 276:122217.
33. Samantasinghar S, Singh SP. Effect of synthesis parameters on compressive strength of fly ash-slag blended geopolymer. Construction and Building Materials. 2018 May 10; 170:225-34.
34. Sindhunata, Van Deventer JS, Lukey GC, Xu H. Effect of curing temperature and silicate concentration on flyash-based geopolymerization. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 2006 May 10;45(10):3559-68.