Title: Concrete Mix Design Development for Offshore Structures

Author(s): Kjell Tore Fosså and Widianto

Publication: Symposium Paper

Volume: 337

Issue:

Appears on pages(s): 78-88

Keywords: Gravity Based Structure, Concrete Mix, Slipforming, Offshore, Aggregate, High-Strength, Cement, Admixtures, Pozzolans

DOI: 10.14359/51724548

Date: 1/23/2020

Abstract:

This paper describes the development in concrete technology for offshore concrete structures from the 1970’s until now and discusses some potential topics for future research which would result in more cost-effective offshore concrete structures.

Most of the offshore concrete structures constructed in the last 4 decades are still in operation, with no or only minor maintenance required, even though the average age for these structures in the North Sea is more than 25 years. The compressive strength in offshore structures has gradually increased from about 40MPa (5800 psi) in the 1970’s to more than 100MPa (14500 psi) in some of the latest concrete structures. Standards and concrete specifications have been revised several times during these years. In parallel, the knowledge from several research and development programs has been used to further improve the concrete properties and overcome the limitations. Focus has been primarily to improve the compressive strength of the concrete as well as the durability and concrete workability. The cement and admixture industry have been heavily involved in research programs to further adapt and develop these material properties. The result of the product developments in the concrete constituency has also improved cost-effectiveness and durability (including overall life-cycle cost-effectiveness) for offshore concrete structures.

With the new generation technology, the technical limitations we face today will be overcome. With more knowledge and improved technology, the quantity and size of cracks in concrete in service are expected to be reduced, which would also improve durability. In addition, the focus in the future will also be on sustainable and environmentally friendly materials.