ACI CODE-350-06 Code Requirements for Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures

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Description

The code portion of this document covers the structural design, materials selection, and construction of environmental engineering concrete structures. Such structures are used for conveying, storing, or treating liquid or other materials such as solid waste. They include ancillary structures for dams, spill-ways, and channels.

They are subject to uniquely different loadings, more severe exposure conditions, and more restrictive serviceability requirements than non-environmental building structures.

Loadings include normal dead and live loads and vibrating equipment or hydrodynamic forces. Exposures include concentrated chemicals, alternate wetting and drying, and freezing and thawing of saturated concrete. Serviceability requirements include liquid-tightness or gas-tightness.

Typical structures include conveyance, storage, and treatment structures.

Proper design, materials, and construction of environmental engineering concrete structures are required to produce serviceable concrete that is dense, durable, nearly impermeable, and resistant to chemicals, with limited deflections and cracking. Leakage must be controlled to minimize contamination of ground water or the environment, to minimize loss of product or infiltration, and to promote durability.

This code presents new material as well as modified portions of the ACI 318-02 Building Code that are applicable to environmental engineering concrete structures.

Because ACI 350-06 is written as a legal document, it may be adopted by reference in a general building code or in regulations governing the design and construction of environmental engineering concrete structures. Thus, it cannot present background details or suggestions for carrying out its requirements or intent.It is the function of the commentary to fill this need.

Keywords: Chemical attack; coatings; concrete durability; concrete finishing (fresh concrete); concrete slabs, crack width, and spacing; cracking(fracturing); environmental engineering; inspection; joints (junctions); joint sealers; liquid; patching; permeability; pipe columns; pipes (tubes);prestressed concrete; prestressing steels; protective coatings; reservoirs; roofs; serviceability; sewerage; solid waste facilities; tanks(containers); temperature; torque; torsion; vibration; volume change; walls; wastewater treatment; water; water-cementitious material ratio; watersupply; water treatment.

 

Document Details

Author: ACI Committee 350

Publication Year: 2006

Pages: 488

ISBN: 9780870312274

Categories: Codes, Environmental, Specifications

Formats: Protected PDF/Web View

This document is Historical

Table of Contents

Part 1 GENERAL

Chapter 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1.1 Scope

1.2 Drawings and Specifications

1.2 Inspection

1.4 Approval of special systems of design or construction

Chapter 2 DEFINITIONS

Part 2 STANDARDS FOR TESTS AND MATERIALS

Chapter 3 MATERIALS

3.0 Notation

3.1 Tests of materials

3.2 Cements

3.3 Aggregates

3.4 Water

3.5 Steel reinforcement

3.6 Admixtures

3.7 Storage of materials

3.8 Reference standards

PART 3 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

CHAPTER 4 DURABILITY REQUIREMENTS

4.0 Notation

4.1 Water-Cementitious materials ratio and cementitious material content

4.2 Freezing and thawing exposures

4.3 Sulfate exposures

4.4 Corrosion protection of metals

4.5 Chemical effects

4.6 Protection against erosion

4.7 Coatings and liners

4.8 Joints

CHAPTER 5 CONCRETE QUALITY MIXING AND PLACING

5.0 Notation

5.1 General

5.2 Selection of concrete proportions

5.3 Proportioning on the basis of field experience, trial mixtures or both

5.4 Average strength reduction

5.5 Evaluation and acceptance of concrete

5.6 Preparation of equipment and place of deposit

5.7 Mixing

5.8 Conveying

5.9 Depositing

5.10 Curing

5.11 Cold Weather requirements

5.12 Hot Weather requirements

CHAPTER 6 FORMWORK, EMBEDDED PIPES, AND CONSTRUCTION AND MOVEMENT JOINTS

6.1 Design of formwork

6.2 Removal of forms, shores, and reshoring

6.3 Conduits and pipes embedded in concrete

6.4 Construction joints

6.5 Movement joints

CHAPTER 7 DETAILS OF REINFORCEMENT

7.0 Notation

7.1 Standard hooks

7.2 Minimum bend diameters

7.3 Bending

7.4 Surface conditions of reinforcement

7.5 Placing reinforcement

7.6 Spacing limits for reinforcement

7.7 Concrete protection for reinforcement

7.8 Special reinforcement details for columns

7.9 Connections

7.10 Lateral reinforcement for compression members

7.11 Lateral reinforcement for flexural members

7.12 Shrinkage and temperature reinforcement

7.13 Requirements for structural integrity

CHAPTER 8 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN-GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

8.0 Notation

8.1 Design methods

8.2 Loading

8.3 Methods of analysis

8.4 Redistribution of negative moments in continuous flexural members

8.5 Modulus of elasticity

8.6 Stiffness

8.7 Span length

8.8 Columns

8.9 Arrangement of live load

8.10 T-Beam construction

8.11 Joist construction

8.12 Separate floor finish

CHAPTER 9 STRENGTH AND SERVICEABILITY REQUIREMENTS

9.0 Notation

9.1 General

9.2 Required strength

9.3 Design strength

9.4 Design strength for reinforcement

9.5 Control of deflections

CHAPTER 10 FLEXURE AND AXIAL LOADS

10.0 Notation

10.1 Scope

10.2 Design assumptions

10.3 General principles and requirements

10.4 Distance between lateral supports of flexural members

10.5 Minimum reinforcement of flexural members

10.6 Distribution of flexural reinforcement

10.7 Deep Beams

10.8 Design dimensions for compression members

10.9 Limits for reinforcement of compression members

10.10 Slenderness effects in compression members

10.11 Magnified moments-General

10.12 Magnified moments - Nonsway frames

10.13 Magnified moments - Sway frames

10.14 Axially loaded members supporting slab system

10.15 Transmission of column loads through floor system

10.16 Composite compression members

10.17 Bearing strength

CHAPTER 11 SHEAR AND TORSION

11.0 Notation

11.2 Shear Strength

11.2 Lightweight concrete

11.3 Shear strength provided by concrete for nonprestressed members

11.4 Shear strength provided by concrete for prestressed members

11.5 Shear strength provided by shear reinforcement

11.6 Design for torsion

11.7 Shear friction

11.8 Deep beams

11.9 Special provisions for brackets and corbels

11.10 Special provisions for walls

11.11 Transfer of moments to columns

11.12 Special provisions for slabs and footings

CHAPTER 12 DEVELOPMENT AND SPLICES OF REINFORCEMENT

12.0 Notation

12.1 Development of reinforcement - General

12.2 Development of deformed bars and deformed wire in tension

12.3 Development of deformed bars and deformed wire in compression

12.4 Development of bundled bars

12.5 Development of standard hooks in tension

12.6 Mechanical anchorage

12.7 Development of welded deformed wire fabric in tension

12.8 Development of welded plain wire fabric in tension

12.9 Development of prestressing strand

12.10 Development of flexural reinforcement - General

12.11 Development of positive moment reinforcement

12.12 Development of negative moment reinforcement

12.13 Development of web reinforcement

12.14 Splices of reinforcement

12.15 Splices of deformed bars and deformed wire in tension

12.16 Splices of deformed bars in compression

12.17 Special splice requirements for columns

12.18 Splices of welded deformed wire fabric in tension

12.19 Splices of welde plain wire fabric in tension

PART 5—STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS

CHAPTER 13—TWO-WAY SLAB SYSTEMS

13.0—Notation

13.1—Scope

13.2—Definitions

13.3—Slab reinforcement

13.4—Openings in slab systems

13.5—Design procedures

13.6—Direct design method

13.7—Equivalent frame method

CHAPTER 14—WALLS

14.0—Notation

14.5—Empirical design method

14.1—Scope

14.6—Minimum wall thickness

14.2—General

14.7—Walls as grade beams

14.3—Minimum reinforcement

14.8—Alternative design of slender walls

14.4—Walls designed as compression members

CHAPTER15—FOOTINGS

15.0—Notation

15.1—Scope

15.2—Loads and reactions

15.3—Footings supporting circular or regular polygonor reinforced pedestalshaped columns or pedestals

15.4—Moment in footings

15.5—Shear in footings

15.6—Development of reinforcement in footings

15.7—Minimum footing depth

15.8—Transfer of force at base of column, wall,

15.9—Sloped or stepped footings

15.10—Combined footings and mats

16.0—Notation

16.1—Scope

16.2—General

16.3—Distribution of forces among members

16.4—Member design

16.5—Structural integrity

16.6—Connection and bearing design

16.7—Items embedded after concrete placement

16.8—Marking and identification

16.9—Handling

16.10—Strength evaluation of precast construction

CHAPTER 17—COMPOSITE CONCRETE FLEXURALMEMBERS

17.0—Notation

17.1—Scope

17.2—General

17.3—Shoring

17.4—Vertical shear strength

17.5—Horizontal shear strength

17.6—Ties for horizontal shear

CHAPTER 18—PRESTRESSED CONCRETE

18.0—Notation

18.1—Scope

18.2—General

18.3—Design assumptions single 5/8 in. diameter bar tendons

18.4—Serviceability requirements—Flexural members

18.5—Permissible stresses in prestressing steel

18.6—Loss of prestress prestressing tendons

18.7—Flexural strength

18.8—Limits for reinforcement of flexural members

18.9—Minimum bonded reinforcement

18.10—Statically indeterminate structures

18.11—Compression members—Combined flexure and

18.12—Slab systems

18.13—Post-tensioned tendon anchorage zones

18.14—Design of anchorage zones for monostrand or

18.15—Design of anchorage zone for multistrand tendons

18.16—Corrosion protection for unbonded single-strand

18.17—Post-tensioning ducts

18.18—Grout for bonded tendons

18.19—Protection for prestressing steel

18.20—Application and measurement of prestressing force

18.21—Post-tensioning anchorages and couplers axial loads

18.22—External post-tensioning

CHAPTER 19—SHELLS AND FOLDED PLATE MEMBERS

19.0—Notation

19.3—Design strength of materials

19.1—Scope and definitions

19.4—Shell reinforcement

19.2—Analysis and design

19.5—Construction

PART 6—SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS

CHAPTER 20—STRENGTH EVALUATION OF EXISTINGS TRUCTURES

20.0—Notation

20.1—Strength evaluation—General

20.2—Determination of required dimensions and material properties

20.3—Load test procedure

20.4—Loading criteria

20.5—Acceptance criteria

20.6—Provision for lower load rating

20.7—Safety

CHAPTER 21—SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR SEISMIC DESIGN

21.0—Notation

21.1—Definitions concrete

21.2—General requirements

21.3—Flexural members of special moment frames

21.4—Special moment frame members subjected to bending and axial load

21.5—Joints of special moment frames

21.6—Special moment frames constructed using precast concrete

21.7—Special reinforced concrete structural walls and coupling beams

21.8—Special structural walls constructed using precast concrete

21.9—Structural diaphragms and trusses

21.10—Foundations

21.11—Frame members not proportioned to resist forces to bending and axial load induced by earthquake motions

21.12—Requirements for intermediate moment frames

21.13—Intermediate precast structural walls precast concrete

PART 7 STRUCTURAL PLAIN CONCRETE

Chapter 22 not used

Commentary References

Appendixes

Appendix A not used

Appendix B Alternate provisons for reinforced and prestressed concrete flexural and compression members

B.0 Notation

B.1 Scope

Appendix C Alternate load factors, strength reduction factors, and distribution of flexural reinforcement

C.1.General

Appendix D Anchoring to Concrete

D.0 Notation

D.1 Definitions

D.2. Scope

D.3 General Requirements

D.4 General requirements for strength of anchors

D.5 Design requirements for tensile loading

D.6 Design requirements for shear loading

D.7 Interaction of tensile and shear forces

D.8 Required edge distances, spacings, and thicknesses to preclued splitting failure

D.9 Installation of anchors

Appendix E Notation

Appendix F Metal Reinforcement Information

Appendix G Circular Wire and Strand Wrapped Prestressed Concrete Environmental structures

G.0 Notation

G.1 Scope

G.2 Design

G.3 Materials

G.4 Construction procedures

Appendix H Slabs on Soil

H.1 Scope

H.2 Subgrade

H.3 Slab thickness

H.4 Reinforcement

H.5 Joints

H.6 Hydrostatic uplift

H.7 Curing

Appendix I Alternate Design Method

I.0 Notation

I.1. Scope

I.2 General

I.3 Permissable service load stresses

I.4 Development and splices of reinforcement

I.5 Flexure

I.6 Compression members with or without flexure

I.7 Shear and torsion

Index

Summary of Changes for 350-06 code

ERRATA INFO

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