waffle see dome.
Wagner fineness the fineness of portland cement, expressed as total surface area in square centimeters per gram, determined by the Wagner turbidimeter apparatus and procedure.
wale a long formwork member (usually double) used to gather loads from several studs (or similar members) to allow wider spacing of the restraining ties; when used with prefabricated panel forms, this member is used to maintain alignment; also called waler or ranger.
waler see wale.
wall a vertical element used primarily to enclose or separate spaces. History
wall, enclosure a nonload-bearing wall intended only to enclose space.
wall, load-bearing a wall designed and built to carry superimposed vertical or in-plane and shear loads, or both. (See also wall, nonbearing.)
wall, nonbearing a wall that supports no vertical load other than its own weight and no in-plane shear loads. (See also load-bearing wall.)
wall, stub low wall, usually 4 to 8 in. (100 to 200 mm) high, placed monolithically with a concrete floor or other members to provide for control and attachment of wall forms; called kicker in the United Kingdom.
wall form see form, wall.
warehouse pack see set, warehouse and cement, sticky.
warehouse set see set, warehouse.
warping out-of-plane deformation of the corners, edges, and surface of a pavement, slab, or wall panel from its original shape. (See also curling.) History
warping joint see joint, warping.
wash (or flush) water see water, wash (or flush).
water, absorbed see moisture, absorbed.
water, adsorbed water held on surfaces of a material by electrochemical forces and having physical properties substantially different from those of absorbed water or chemically combined water at the same temperature and pressure. (See also adsorption.)
water, evaporable water in set cement paste present in capillaries or held by surface forces; measured as that removable by drying under specified conditions. (See also water, nonevaporable.)
water, flush see water, wash (or flush).
water, free see moisture, free.
water, gauge see batched water.
water, mixing the water in freshly mixed sand-cement grout, mortar, or concrete, exclusive of any previously absorbed by the aggregate (for example, water considered in the computation of the net water-cement ratio). (See also batched water and moisture, surface.)
water, nonevaporable the water that is chemically combined during cement hydration; not removable by specified drying. (See also water, evaporable.)
water, wash (or flush) water carried on a truck mixer in a special tank for flushing the interior of the mixer after discharge of the concrete.
water blast a system of cutting or abrading a surface such as concrete by a stream of water ejected from a nozzle at high velocity.
water-cement ratio the ratio of the mass of water, exclusive only of that absorbed by the aggregates, to the mass of portland cement in concrete, mortar, or grout, stated as a decimal and abbreviated as w/c. (See also water-cementitious material ratio.)
water-cementitious material ratio the ratio of the mass of water, excluding that absorbed by the aggregate, to the mass of cementitious material in a mixture, stated as a decimal. (See also water-cement ratio.) History
water pocket see void, water.
waterproof impervious to water in either liquid or vapor state. (See also dampproofing.) (Because nothing can be completely impervious to water under infinite pressure over infinite time, this term should not be used.)
waterproofed cement see water-repellant.
waterproofing see dampproofing (preferred term).
waterproofing compound see compound, waterproofing.
water-reducing admixture see admixture, water-reducing.
water-reducing admixture (high-range) see admixture, water-reducing (high-range).
water-repellent property of a surface that resists wetting (by matter in either liquid or vapor state) but permits passage of water when hydrostatic pressure occurs. (See also watertight.)
water-resistant see water-repellent (preferred term).
water ring a device in the nozzle body of dry-mix shotcrete equipment through which water is added to the materials.
waterstop a thin sheet of metal, rubber, plastic, or other material inserted across a joint to obstruct the seepage of water through the joint.
watertight impermeable to water except when under hydrostatic pressure sufficient to produce structural discontinuity by rupture.
water void see void, water.
w/c see water-cement ratio.
w/cm see water-cementitious materials ratio.
weakened-plane joint see joint, groove and joint, contraction (preferred term).
wearing course a topping or surface treatment to increase the resistance of a concrete pavement or slab to abrasion.
weathering changes in color, texture, strength, chemical composition or other properties of a natural or artificial material due to the action of the weather.
web bar see reinforcement, web (preferred term).
web reinforcement see reinforcement, web.
wedge a piece of wood or metal tapering to a thin edge; used to adjust elevation or tighten formwork.
wedge anchorage see anchorage, wedge.
weigh batching measuring the constituent materials for mortar or concrete by mass.
weight, dry-batch the mass of the materials, excluding water, used to make a batch of concrete.
weight, dry-rodded deprecated term; see density, dry-rodded.
welded-butt splice see splice, welded-butt.
welded reinforcement see reinforcement, welded.
welded-wire fabric see fabric, welded-wire.
welded-wire fabric reinforcement see reinforcement, welded-wire fabric.
well-graded aggregate see aggregate, well-graded.
wet covered with visible free moisture; not dry. (See also damp and moist).
wet-cast process see process, wet-cast.
wet process see process, wet.
wet screening screening to remove from fresh concrete aggregate particles larger than a certain size.
wet-mix shotcrete see shotcrete, wet-mix.
wet sieving use of water to facilitate sieving of a granular material on standard sieves.
wettest stable consistency see consistency, wettest stable.
wetting agent see agent, wetting.
wheel, feed material distributor or regulator in certain types of shotcrete equipment.
wheel load see load, wheel.
white cement see cement, white.
width, effective flange width of slab adjoining a beam stem where the slab is assumed to function as the flange element of a T-beam section.
wind load see load, wind.
wing pile see pile, wing.
wire, alignment see wire, ground.
wire, cold-drawn wire made from rods that are hot-rolled from billets and then cold-drawn through dies. (See also reinforcement, cold-drawn wire.)
wire, crimped wire deformed into a curve that approximates a sine curve as a means of increasing the capacity of the wire to bond to concrete; also welded wire fabric crimped to provide an integral chair. (See also reinforcement, deformed and wire, indented.)
wire, ground small-gage high-strength steel wire used to establish line and grade as in shotcrete work; also called alignment wire and screed wire.
wire, indented wire having machine-made surface indentations intended to improve bond; depending on type of wire, used for either concrete reinforcement or pretensioning tendons.
wire mesh see fabric, welded-wire.
wire wrapping application of high tensile wire, wound under tension by machines, around circular concrete or shotcrete walls, domes, or other tension-resisting structural components.
wobble coefficient a coefficient used in determining the friction loss occurring in post-tensioning, which is assumed to account for the secondary curvature of the tendons.
wobble friction see friction, wobble.
wood block see block, wood.
workability that property of freshly mixed concrete or mortar that determines the ease with which it can be mixed, placed, consolidated, and finished to a homogenous condition.
working load see load, working.
working stress see stress, working.
working-stress design see design, working-stress.
woven-wire fabric see fabric, woven-wire.
woven-wire reinforcement see fabric, welded-wire (preferred term).
wrapping see strand wrapping and wire wrapping.
wrecking strip see strip, wrecking.
wythe (leaf) each continuous vertical section of a wall that is one masonry unit or grouted space in thickness.
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