ganged forms — see forms, ganged.
ganister — a highly refractory siliceous sedimentary rock used for furnace linings.
gap-graded aggregate — see aggregate, gap-graded.
gap-graded concrete — see concrete, gap-graded.
gas concrete — see concrete, gas.
gauge water — see batched water (preferred term).
gehlenite — a mineral of the melilite group, Ca2Al(AlSi)O7. (See also akermanite, melilite, merwinite.)
gel — matter in a colloidal state that does not dissolve, but remains suspended in a solvent from which it fails to precipitate without the intervention of heat or of an electrolyte. (See also gel, cement.)
gel, cement — the colloidal material that makes up the major portion of the porous mass of which mature hydrated cement paste is composed.
gel, tobermorite — the binder of concrete cured moist or in atmospheric-pressure steam, a lime-rich gel-like solid containing 1.5 to 1.0 mols of lime per mol of silica.
Gillmore needle — see needle, Gillmore.
girder — a large beam, usually horizontal, that serves as a main structural member.
girt — small beam spanning between columns, generally used in industrial buildings to support outside walls. (See also beam.)
glass — an inorganic product of fusion that has cooled too a rigid condition without crystallizing, sometimes reactive with alkalies in concrete.
glass-fiber reinforced cement — a composite material consisting essentially of a matrix of hydraulic cement paste or mortar reinforced with glass fibers; typically precast into units less than 1 in. (25 mm) thick.
glass-transition temperature — see temperature, glass-transition.
go-devil — a ball of rolled-up burlap or paper or a specially fabricated device put into the pump end of a pipeline and forced through the pipe by water pressure in order to clean the pipeline; also a device used with tremie concrete operations.
grab set — see set, flash (preferred term).
gradation — see grading (preferred term).
grade — the prepared surface on which a concrete slab is cast; the process of preparing a plane surface of granular material or soil on which to cast a concrete slab.
grade beam — see beam, grade.
grade strip — see strip, grade.
graded standard sand — see sand, standard.
gradient — rate of change in a variable over a distance, as of temperature or moisture.
grading — the distribution of particles of granular material among various sizes; usually expressed in terms of cumulative percentages larger or smaller than each of a series of sizes (sieve openings) or the percentages between certain ranges of sizes (sieve openings).
grading, combined-aggregate — particle-size distribution of a mixture of fine and coarse aggregate.
grading, continuous — a particle size distribution in which intermediate size fractions are present, as opposed to gap-grading. (See also aggregate, gap-graded.)
grading curve — see curve, grading.
granolithic concrete — see concrete, granolithic.
granolithic finish — see finish, granolithic.
granulated blast-furnace slag — see blast-furnace slag.
1. granular material predominantly retained on the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve and resulting either from natural disintegration and abrasion of rock or processing of weakly bound conglomerate; and
2. that portion of an aggregate retained on the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve and resulting either from natural disintegration and abrasion of rock or processing of weakly bound conglomerate. (See also aggregate, coarse.)
gravel, crushed — the product resulting from the artificial crushing of gravel with a specified minimum percentage of fragments having one or more faces resulting from fracture. (See also aggregate, coarse.)
gravel, pea — screened gravel, most of the particles of which pass a 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) sieve and are retained on a 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve.
green concrete — see concrete, green.
grid foundation — see foundation, grid.
grinding, finish — the final grinding of clinker into cement, with calcium sulfate in the form of gypsum or anhydrite generally being added; the final grinding operation required for a finished concrete surface, for example, bump cutting of pavement, fin removal from structural concrete, terrazzo floor grinding.
grinding aids — see aids, grinding.
grinding medium — see medium, grinding.
grizzly — a simple, stationary screen or series of equally spaced parallel bars set at an angle to remove oversize particles in processing aggregate or other material.
grog — burned refractory material; usually calcined clay or crushed brick bats.
groove joint — see joint, contraction (preferred term).
groover — a tool used to form grooves or weakened-plane joints in a concrete slab before hardening to control crack location or provide pattern.
gross volume (of concrete mixers) — in the case of a revolving-drum mixer, the total interior volume of the revolving portion of the mixer drum; in the case of an open-top mixer, the total volume of the trough or pan calculated on the basis that no vertical dimension of the container exceeds twice the radius of the circular section below the axis of the central shaft.
ground-granulated blast-furnace slag — see cement, slag.
ground wire — see wire, ground.
grout — a mixture of cementitious material and water, with or without aggregate, proportioned to produce a pourable consistency without segregation of the constituents; also a mixture of other composition but of similar consistency. (See also grout, neat cement and grout, sanded.)
grout, colloidal — grout in which a substantial proportion of the solid particles have the size range of a colloid.
grout, epoxy — a grout which is a mixture of ingredients consisting of an epoxy bonding system, aggregate or fillers, and possibly other materials.
grout, expansive-cement — see concrete (mortar or grout), expansive-cement.
grout, field-proportioned — a hydraulic-cement grout batched at the jobsite using water and predetermined portions of portland cement, aggregate, and other ingredients.
grout, hydraulic-cement — a grout which is a mixture of hydraulic cement, aggregate, water and possibly admixtures.
grout, machine-base — a grout which is used in the space between plates or machinery and the underlying foundation and which is expected to maintain essentially complete contact with the base and to maintain uniform support.
grout, masonry — a mixture hydraulic cement, aggregate, water and possibly other materials (ASTM C476), used for filling designated spaces in masonry construction.
grout, neat cement — a fluid mixture of hydraulic cement and water, with or without other ingredients; also the hardened equivalent of such mixture.
grout, preblended — a hydraulic-cement grout which is a commercially available mixture of hydraulic cement, aggregate, and other ingredients which requires only the addition of water and mixing at the jobsite; sometime termed premixed grout.
grout, sanded — grout in which fine aggregate is incorporated into the mixture.
grout slope — the natural slope of fluid grout injected into preplaced-aggregate concrete.
grouted-aggregate concrete — see concrete, preplaced-aggregate.
grouted masonry — see masonry, grouted.
grouting — the process of filling with grout. (See also grout.)
grouting, advancing-slope — a method of grouting by which the front of a mass of grout is caused to move horizontally through preplaced aggregate by use of a suitable grout injection sequence.
grouting, closed-circuit — injection of grout into a hole intersecting fissures or voids which are to be filled at such volume and pressure that grout input to the hole is greater than the grout take of the surrounding formation, excess grout being returned to the pumping plant for recirculation.
grouting, containment — see grouting, perimeter.
grouting, contraction-joint — injection of grout into contraction joints.
grouting, control-joint — see grouting, contraction-joint.
grouting, curtain — injection of grout into a subsurface formation in such a way as to create a zone of grouted material transverse to the direction of anticipated water flow.
grouting, high-lift — a technique in masonry wall construction in which the grouting operation is delayed until the wall has been laid up to a full story height.
grouting, low-lift — a technique of masonry wall construction in which the wall sections are built to a height of not more than 5 ft (1.7 m) before the cells of the masonry units are filled with grout.
grouting, open-circuit — a grouting system with no provision for recirculation of grout to the pump.
grouting, perimeter — injection of grout, usually at relatively low pressure, around the periphery of an area that is subsequently to be grouted at greater pressure; intended to confine subsequent grout injection within the perimeter.
grouting, slush — distribution of a grout, with or without fine aggregate, as required over a rock or concrete surface that is subsequently to be covered with concrete, usually by brooming it into place to fill surface voids and fissures.
grouting, staged — sequential grouting of a hole in separate steps or stages in lieu of grouting the entire length at once.
(1) shotcrete material delivery equipment, usually consisting of double chambers under pressure; equipment with a single pressure chamber is used to some extent (see also gun, cement); or
(2) pressure cylinder used to propel freshly mixed concrete pneumatically.
gun, cement — a machine for pneumatic placement of mortar or small aggregate concrete; in the “Dry Gun,” water from a separate hose meets the dry material at the nozzle of the gun; with the “Wet Gun,” the delivery hose conveys the premixed mortar or concrete. (See also shotcrete.)
gun finish — see finish, gun.
Gunite — a proprietary term for shotcrete.
gunman — workman on shotcreting crew who operates delivery equipment.
gunning — the act of applying dry-mix shotcrete. History
(1) conical outline of material discharge stream in shotcrete operation; or
(2) the sequence of gunning operations to ensure complete filling of the space, total encasement of reinforcing bars, easy removal of rebound, and thickness of shotcrete layers.
gutter tool — see tool, gutter.
gypsum — a mineral having the composition calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O).
gypsum concrete — see concrete, gypsum.
gypsum plaster — plaster made with plaster of paris. (See plaster, plaster of paris.)
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